What is the motive of the activity? Motives of students' learning activity

The needs of people are relative and live in motion. Among all the needs of a person , the one that is more powerful is motivated. Motivations and motives for activities are discussed in detail in the article.

Motive and need

The path from need to practice is the way to exit the need for an external environment. The activity is based on the motive, through which it is formed. But the motive can be satisfied not by any activity. This way consists of:

• Choice and motivation of the subject of need;

• On the way from the need to work, the transformation of the need for interest and purpose, or more precisely the realized need.

Hence it follows that motivation and need are continuously connected. The need leads the person to the activity, which is based on the motive.

Motive of activity

The motive of activity is that which pushes an individual to activity, leading him to satisfy specific needs. The motive for action is the reflexion of the need.

For example, the motive of activity is like an active and enthusiastic work, and rejection of it in disagreement.

As a motive of activity can act thoughts, needs, feelings and mental formations of a different order. In order for the activity to be carried out, there are few internal tremors. It is important to observe the object of activity and to compare the motivations and goals that must be met.

The motivational and demanding sphere of personality is the entire sum of motives that have been formed during human existence. This sphere has development, but several basic stable motifs that form the direction of the individual are distinguished.

Motivation

Motivation is the union of external and internal guiding forces that push a person to certain actions. This is the way to motivate people to practice to achieve their goals.

Motivation covers more than the motive. The motive of activity is a stable personal quality belonging to the individual. Motivation is a combination of factors that determine the individual's line of behavior, his motives, goals, needs, intentions, and so on. It is also a process that supports and drives activity.

Motivational sphere consists of:

• Motivational system of the individual, including stimulating forces of activity, that is, motives, interests, needs, goals, beliefs, attitudes, norms, stereotypes, and so on;

• Motivation to achieve - the need to conquer a high level of behavior and satisfy other needs;

• The motivation for self-actualization is at the highest level of the hierarchy of motives, lies in the individual's need to realize his own possibilities.

Proper plans, goals, highly organized will lead to nothing if there is no motivation. It compensates for damages in other areas, for example, planning. You can not make up for anything the motives of the activity, the abilities are important, but they are often not enough.

Motivation also determines success in practical implementation, which can not be achieved only with the availability of knowledge and abilities. It is necessary to strive for work, to achieve results. The amount of effort depends on the level of activity and motivation. People with a high level of motivation do more work and more often achieve more.

It is not right to observe the sphere of the motives of the individual as a mirror of the sum of his individual needs. The needs of the individual are linked to the social needs, their emergence and development is determined by the society. Motivational sphere includes both individual and public needs.

Motivation

Motivation is a conscious influence on the individual, which is accomplished by addressing specific motives for inciting him to something.

Motivation has two types:

1. Formation of the motivational structure of a person in an educational and educational manner. This requires knowledge, effort and ability, but it is possible to achieve a long-term result.

2. External influence on the individual to perform certain actions. A type of motivation reminiscent of a structured transaction.

There are different motives: self-affirmation, responsibilities to the society, interest in the learning process, and so on. For example, consider the scientist's motives for pursuing science: self-assertion, self-realization, material incentives, cognitive interest, social motives.

Motives and motivation of human activity are certain attributes of a person, they are stable. Saying that an individual shows a cognitive motive, we mean that the motivation for obtaining knowledge is inherent in him in many situations.

The motive of the activity, the definition of which has no explanation separately from the general system of mental life and factors, its components - actions, images, relationships, etc., is aimed at giving impetus to the activity.

Motives of students' learning activity

Lydia Bozhovich, a Soviet psychologist, in the course of observing the structure of the motivational sphere of the individual, in general, especially carefully considered the motives of the student's educational activity. It offers two broad groups:

1. The interests of children to cognition, the need for intellectual activity and the acquisition of new skills, skills and knowledge, that is, cognitive motives.

2. The child's need to reach a specific place in the social hierarchy that is familiar to him is social motives.

These two groups in the association support effective learning activities. Motives caused by the activity itself make a direct impact on the individual, and social motives serve as an impetus for his activity through conscious goals and decisions.

Structure of motives of educational activity

MV Matyukhina, taking as a basis classification Bozhovich, offers such a structure. The motive of the students' learning activity consists of:

1. The motives on which educational activity is based directly related to its product. The category is divided into two subgroups:

• Relevant to the essence of the teachings. The student seeks to gain new knowledge, to master new information, ways of practical implementation, awareness of the structure of the things around him. This is the motivation for content.

• Related to the learning process. A student wants to become active intellectually, express his thoughts in a lesson, set and solve problems in the learning process. This is the motivation of the process.

2. Motives that are associated with the result of the teaching, with what is beyond the boundaries of the learning process. This category includes such subgroups:

• Wide social motives: self-determination (thirst to be ready for future work, awareness of the importance of skills and abilities, etc), self-improvement (the need to develop in the process of studying), responsibility and duty to the teacher, class, society, etc.

• Narrow-personal motives - the urge to get approval from parents, teachers, peers, to positive grades. This is the motivation for well-being. Prestigious motivation is a pronounced desire to be in the first place in terms of academic performance, to be the best. Motivation to avoid trouble includes all the negative motives, the need to bypass the disadvantages and dangers that may arise from the upstream, if the student does not make proper efforts.

Types of activities

Psychologists distinguish different forms of organization of types of activity, each of which entails its motivation for activity. The motive of the game is getting pleasure. For the teaching and labor motive is a sense of responsibility and duty. This is no less strong feelings than ordinary interest. But when studying and working, it is necessary to induce an individual's interest in the course of practical implementation or its outcome. Also the very habit of working, as well as the motives of creative activity, which must be developed in the child, is important.

Studying the motives of educational activity has shown that different types of activity are interrelated, they complement each other and flow from view to appearance. While in kindergarten, the child learns to draw and count besides games. After school, the student spends time in games.

Gaming activities

Moments of games perfectly complement the structure of the lesson, elements of game situations carry children. The game is a thought-out journey through the world map, for example. These are the playing roles of the teacher, the seller, the guide for mastering a foreign language in dialogue.

Activities can not exist separately, although in a certain period of life, some of them can prevail. In one period of life the main activity is play, in the other - the teaching, in the third - the work. Prior to the arrival of children in school, the leading type of activity is play, the school prevails in school. For adults, the main activity is work.

Motives of the teacher

AK Baymetov, examining the motives of the teacher's work in detail, divided them into three categories:

• Motives of interest in communicating with children;

• Motivation for teaching;

• Motives owes.

As it turned out, teachers without a superior motive with balanced three indicators have developed qualifications and high authority. The category of motivation affects the nature of the teacher's requirements for students. The teacher's balanced motivation leads to a small amount and harmony of these requirements.

It should also be taken into account that the prevalence of a particular type of motivation is interrelated with the style of the teacher's leadership. The motive is prevalent among teachers with an authoritarian style of management, the motive of communication is for liberals, and teachers, without the predominance of a specific motive, refer to the democratic style of leadership.

Lyudmila Nikolaevna Zakharova, working on the professional motivation of the teacher, singled out from the broader sphere of factors:

• Professional motives;

• Self-assertion;

• Personal self-realization;

• Material incentives.

All this together forms the motivational field of activity of all participants of the educational process.