What is teaching? Philosophical and political teachings

Philosophical, political, pedagogical teachings - this term can be found in many contexts. But regardless of which adjective will stand side by side, the main question is different: "What is teaching?" It was the answer to it that became the topic of this article.

Terminology

The concept of "teaching" has several definitions. If we consider the term not as a process of acquiring knowledge in any particular area (and such a definition is also available, but in this case is not appropriate), then the following explanations remain for what doctrine is.

• Teaching as a set of theories in one area of knowledge.
• Teaching as a set of ideas of one and the same thinker in his chosen field of science.
• Teaching as a complex of dogmas of a certain religion (dogma).

Of particular interest are the first two. With them, philosophical and political doctrines are most often associated. Let's consider more in detail

In philosophy

Philosophical teachings originate in the very origins of the development of the corresponding science - in ancient Greece and Rome. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, and the Ancient Roman - Cicero, etc., expressing their thoughts and forming views, acquired followers who brought them to our days. Thus, the doctrines of these great minds were formed.

Examples of philosophical teachings

In the course of an ever-increasing development of philosophy and the search for an answer to its main question (what is primary: spirit or matter?), The basic philosophical teachings were singled out, which included not only the ideas of one author, but the conclusions reached by the generations of thinkers. Materialism and idealism, as two extremes of the answer to the main question, monism, agnosticism, solipsism and unusual Russian cosmism - each of them is characterized by its own peculiarities and they are connected with a whole list of philosophers.

But the teachings of antiquity, although they sometimes have specific conceptual terms (for example, dialectics), nevertheless come from the names of the authors - Socrates, Heraclitus and others. However, this happened already in the Middle Ages, and in the heyday of German philosophical thought. The classical teachings of Locke and Hobbes, Nietzscheanism, by the name of the great Friedrich Nietzsche. It is worth considering that such exercises are more narrowly focused, although some of them developed after their founder (for example, Neoplatonism).

In politics: antiquity

Philosophy and politics in the period of antiquity were closely interrelated. Many of the philosophers of that time developed their ideal model of the state. The history of the teachings remembers the dialogue of Plato under the same name ("State"), in which he singled out his imperfect forms, offering his terminology. It is not unknown that the notions of "democracy," "timocracy," and other "..cripts" originated precisely from ancient Greece. Unlike the abstract philosophical approach of Pythagoras and Heraclitus, Plato was more strict and precise. Aristotle was also the bead, dividing the forms of government into those that he considered "correct" and "wrong." However, in this rationalism there were many limitations.

In politics: the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

The Middle Ages were marked by a purely theocratic approach, including to politics, and to the ideas of creating statehood. Such a thought permeated all the political teachings of the time. Especially significant was the teaching of Thomas Aquinas, who, borrowing ideas from Aristotle, tried to change them into a Christian manner and conceived of this great popularity.

In the Renaissance it is worth noting Niccolo Machiavelli and his appeal in writing to the then (albeit unofficial) ruler of Florence, Lorenzo the Magnificent. His treatise "The Emperor" contains quite unambiguous thoughts about political power. The doctrine of Machiavelli puts politics above morality. It is interesting that the "Sovereign" has survived to modern times and even is transferred to the electronic version, which means that anyone who wants to learn what Machiavelli's doctrine can read can read it.

Finally

Apparently, the definitions of the doctrine as a collection of ideas of one author or one field of knowledge echo each other, they are closely interrelated and therefore correlated. At the same time, because of this, it is not difficult to determine what a teaching is.

Philosophy and politics, although now dispersed in two different directions, still stood at the same source, because political doctrines often came from those thinkers who expressed their views not only in this field of knowledge.