What is Skolkovo?

комплекс, расположенный за МКАДом. " Skolkovo" - an innovative complex, located behind the Moscow Ring Road. In 2010-2011. It was described as the "Russian Silicon Valley". строящийся "с нуля" наукоград для разработки и коммерциализации новых технологий. Skolkovo is a science city under construction from scratch, for the development and commercialization of new technologies. The complex will provide special economic conditions for enterprises engaged in priority sectors of Russian economy development. ", какая деятельность в нем осуществляется и какими нормативными актами регламентируется работа. Let's consider in detail what the innovation center "Skolkovo " is, what activities are carried out in it and what regulations regulate the work.

Project

In 2010, D. Medvedev, then President of the Russian Federation, signed Federal Law No. 244 regulating the activities of entities (enterprises and individuals) in the Skolkovo complex. Along with this, the project of creating the territory and infrastructure facilities was approved. The implementation is carried out by the Skolkovo Foundation. The result of its activities should be a self-developing and self-governing Ecosystem, favorable for carrying out entrepreneurial activities and expanding research, contributing to the formation of competitive companies in the world market. The Project stipulates that by 2020, in an area of 2.5 million square meters, M will work and live about 50 thousand citizens. ". At present, the construction of the Skolkovo Panorama residential complex is being completed. Presumably at the end of the year the houses will be put into operation. On February 27 of this year, the buildings Hypercube, Technopark, Boeing International Aviation Academy, Polet recreation center have already been built and are being used. The development area of the Fund is located on the territory of the latter. Currently, new facilities are being put into operation. At the end of 2016 is planned to enter the BC "Almatea", LCD "Skolkovo" (blocks 9, 10, 11), Matryoshka building with interior decoration.

Location:

Initially, the complex occupied the territory of an urban settlement near the village of Skolkovo. It is in the east of Odintsovo district, to the west of the Moscow Ring Road. The territory of the complex was included in the composition of the capital region as part of a large-scale expansion of its area. Since July 2012 it belongs to the Mozhaisky region of Western AO. In the area of 400 hectares, approximately 15 thousand people will permanently reside. About 7 thousand will come to work in Skolkovo. и область являются основными источниками трудовых ресурсов для комплекса. Moscow and the region are the main sources of labor resources for the complex. The city is limited to three routes. They are the Skolkovo and Minsk Highways, as well as the Moscow Ring Road.

Town planning concept

It was chosen and approved in 2011, on February 25. The urban concept called Urbanvillages was developed by AREP. It is a French company specializing in transport solutions. As the city-manager of the Fund, V. Maslakov, noted , one of the key points of the concept is the possibility of its phased implementation. The project is based on the principle of variability and flexibility - the ability of the territory in a relatively short time to adapt to changes within the development strategy of the complex in the long term. Such mobility makes it possible to respond more effectively to opportunistic changes. ". The entire territory is planned to be divided into 5 villages - according to the number of directions for which the Skolkovo center operates. In this case, a common zone will be created here, where the guest room will be located. It is planned to build a research university, sports, cultural buildings, medical facilities, serving employees in Skolkovo. и зоны отдыха также будут созданы на территории комплекса. The park and recreation areas will also be created on the territory of the complex.

Key Concept Principles

The project is implemented on the basis of the following provisions:

1. Public space, residential facilities, service infrastructure, as well as work places will be located within walking distance. The compactness and multifunctionality of the building provides activity in the region, regardless of the time of day.
2. Small storeys and high density of buildings allow to get more useful territory than the construction of high-rise buildings. This way of using space is one of the effective.
3. To preserve the ecology, the project provides for a renewable resource support model. Waste will not be exported from the city, but recycled at special facilities. In addition, renewable energy sources are supposed to be used - from solar batteries and rainwater to geothermal areas.

In accordance with the project, the construction of energy-active and passive buildings in Skolkovo is envisaged . будут строения, которые вырабатывают энергии больше, чем потребляют либо практически не расходуют ресурсы внешних источников. These will be buildings that generate more energy than they consume or do not consume resources of external sources.

Legal conditions

In March 2010, the question arose about the need to form a special regime in the territory of Skolkovo. обсуждение поддержал и Д. Медведев. This discussion was also supported by D. Medvedev. In late April, he said that the government was instructed to develop a special administrative, customs, tax and legal regime in the territory. In the discussion participated E. Nabiullina. She said that it was proposed to establish the peculiarities of the legal status of the territory in a separate law. This normative act would introduce a number of features of Skolkovo. It:

1. Customs and tax benefits.
2. Simplified norms of technical regulation and urban planning procedures.
3. Special requirements for fire safety and sanitary regulations.
4. Facilitating interaction with power structures.

A. Dvorkovich, in turn, said that the introduction of a ten-year vacation on the deduction of profits, land and property taxes, and the rate for Social Security will be 14%.

Visa and Migration Regimes

In the State Duma in August 2010, there was an active discussion of a draft law that would simplify accounting procedures for highly qualified specialists who came from abroad, as well as their relatives. The normative act should ensure the attraction of valuable personnel not only in Skolkovo. для иностранных граждан размещаются многими крупными компаниями. Jobs for foreign citizens are hosted by many large companies. In this regard, the draft law is aimed at attracting workers to Russia as a whole. At the end of August 2010, a governmental decree was issued, according to which the visa regime for the participants of the Skolkovo project was regulated. According to the provisions of the document, a highly qualified foreign specialist who enters the Russian Federation for employment will be issued a visa for 30 days. When hiring, it will be extended to three years.

Transport infrastructure

The availability of structures will be provided through a dense network of streets and roads. At the same time, information technologies will be used to ensure efficient management of flows and infrastructure in general. Inside the complex, priority is given to cyclists, pedestrians and public transport. Schedules of suburban trains from the Kiev and Belorussian stations are planned. In addition, it is expected to provide communication between the southern and northern parts of the science city. будет связан и с аэропортом "Внуково". The Skolkovo center will also be connected to the Vnukovo airport. In addition, it was proposed to save the helicopter pad of the Ministry of Emergency Situations located on the territory. In mid-June 2010 I. Shuvalov and B. Gromov opened a reconstructed road from 53 km of the Moscow Ring Road to the village of Skolkovo.

Financing

Budget allocations for the development of Skolkovo until 2020 should be, according to the draft, 125.2 billion rubles. частные инвестиции. The corresponding order was signed on August 13, 2013. At least half of the cost of creating the Skolkovo complex is private investment. According to calculations, for each m2 of the territory there will be more than 20 thousand rubles.

Features of financial policy

The development of the project in the federal budget includes relevant articles: to promote activities to expand infrastructure, develop documentation on non-commercial facilities, and research. In early August 2010, the Ministry of Finance published key areas of financial policy. In accordance with them, from the federal budget was planned in 2011 - 15 billion rubles, in 2012 - 22, in 2013 - 17.1 billion rubles. In 2010, about 4 billion rubles were allocated. The financial policy assumes placing of a part of means in banks and transfer in confidential management. The planned income from this is 58.85 million rubles. To finance the design and survey work, 225 ml are put. " должна обходиться в 401.2 млн р., в числе которых 143.8 млн р. To develop a concept for the construction of areas - 10 million rubles, the residence of Skolkovo should cost 401.2 million rubles, including 143.8 million rubles. To ensure social protection of employees. PR project support should cost 38.7 million, advertising and placement of media products - 92.8 million, branding - 12.9 million, blogs and a website - 3.1 million rubles. The key expenditure group was called "Creating an Innovative Atmosphere and Pilot Projects". They are scheduled to spend 3.4 billion rubles. Of these, about 2.6 billion should go to projects agreed with the commission for modernization under the president, and 287 million - on the programs that the management company itself should select the Fund. To create the "Intellectual property complex providing work of patent attorneys, in accordance with 22 intergovernmental agreements, in which Russia takes part, 150 million rubles were planned.

Management

V.Vekselberg is acting as the president and co-chairman. The second person in the leadership is K. Barrett (the former head of Intel). In the advisory scientific council, as co-chairmen are Zhores Alferov and prof. Structural biology R. Kornberg. The head of the board of trustees is d. Medvedev.

Technopark

Its goal is to provide the participating companies with the necessary assistance to effectively develop their assets and corporate structure. For this, certain services are provided. The Technopark works in the following areas:

1. Team building.
2. Setting up corporate procedures and business processes.
3. Selection of personnel functional units (legal department, accounting, marketing, etc.).
4. Providing protection of intellectual property.
5. Formation of image and promotion of services / products.
6. Management training in the field of innovation.
7. Management of premises intended for incubation activities.
8. Providing access to equipment at the disposal of Skolkovo and partners.
9. Organization of interaction with domestic and international investment communities, venture funds.
10. Provision of the opportunity to use technological and scientific expertise of the Technological Institute and other partner research and academic institutions.
11. Providing a full range of services in the field of business incubation.

Educational projects

One of the most promising and early projects is the Skolkovo business school. In addition, the Open University operates. He does not act like a traditional university, because graduates do not receive diplomas of higher education. It was established to form a reserve of postgraduate students and undergraduates for the future technological university and trainees for partner enterprises. The directions on which training is conducted in OTU coincide with the types of activity of clusters: energy-efficient and energy, computer and biomedical technologies, space, nuclear sphere.

The Institute

In June 2011, V. Vekselberg and R. Rife signed an agreement on the formation of a new university. His working title is "Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology". The agreement is based on the principles of project education, involving cooperation on the basis of exchange of modules within the framework of the MBA program. Skolkovo Institute will be headed by E. Crowley - prof. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As the founders plan, it will be the first international research complex capable of integrating business activities into the educational program. The Institute will be organized as a non-profit private educational institution. His work will be controlled by an international independent board of trustees.

Clusters

There are five of them in the Skolkovo Foundation. They correspond to the same number of directions of technology development. The work of the cluster of biomedical technologies consists in the creation of drugs for the treatment and prevention of severe pathologies, including cancer and neurological diseases. Much attention is paid to the development of drugs to combat cardiovascular diseases, to maintain the immune system. Participants in the cluster of computer and information technologies are working on the creation of multimedia search models, effective security systems of a new generation. Development of high-performance schemes for computing and storing information is under way. In the cluster of telecommunications and space technologies, participants create a commercial segment of the rocket and space industry sector. One of the priorities is work in the field of energy technology. As of the middle of August 2014, 263 companies became members of the cluster. One of the key tasks of their activity is to reduce energy consumption by housing and utilities, industry, municipal infrastructure. The cluster of nuclear technologies supports innovations in the use of laser, beam, nuclear, and plasma systems. As of mid-August 2014, 300 companies participated in the work. As a priority, the provision of radiation protection and safety. Participating companies are engaged in the development of new materials, equipment, coatings for nondestructive testing, new types of fuel. Resident enterprises are involved in power engineering, designing laser devices, and medical equipment. One of the most important points of the cluster's activity is also the solution of problems related to the processing of radioactive substances.