What is biochemistry? What does biochemistry study

What is biochemistry? Biological or physiological biochemistry is the science of the chemical processes that underlie the vital activity of the organism and those that occur inside the cell. The goal of biochemistry (the term comes from the Greek word "bios" - "life") as a science is the study of chemicals, the structure and metabolism of cells, the nature and methods of its regulation, the mechanism of energy supply to processes inside cells.

Medical biochemistry: the essence and goals of science

Medical biochemistry - what is it? This section of biological chemistry, which studies the chemical composition of cells of the human body, metabolism in it (including pathological conditions). After all, any disease, even in the asymptomatic period, will inevitably leave its imprint on the chemical processes in cells, the properties of molecules, which will be reflected in the results of biochemical analysis. Without knowledge of biochemistry, it is impossible to find the cause of the development of the disease and the way of its effective treatment.

Biochemical blood test

What is the analysis of "blood biochemistry"? Biochemical blood test is one of the methods of laboratory diagnosis in many areas of medicine (eg, endocrinology, therapy, gynecology). It helps to accurately diagnose a disease and to examine a blood sample by such parameters:

- alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALT);

- cholesterol or cholesterol;

- bilirubin;

Urea;

- alpha-amylase, pancreatic amylase, diastase;

- Glucose, lipase;

- aspartate aminotransferase (AST, ASAT);

- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), gamma GT (glutamyltranspeptidase);

- Creatinine, protein;

- antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus.

It is important for everyone's health to know what blood biochemistry is, and to understand that the indicators of it will not only give all the data for an effective treatment regimen, but also help to prevent the disease. Deviations from normal indicators are the first signal that something is wrong in the body.

Biochemical blood test for liver examination: significance and goals

In addition, biochemical diagnostics will allow to monitor the dynamics of the disease and the results of treatment, create a full-fledged picture of metabolism, micronutrient deficiencies in the work of organs. For example, liver biochemistry will be a mandatory analysis for people with liver disruption. What is it? This is the name of the biochemical blood test for the study of the quantity and quality of liver enzymes. If their synthesis is disturbed, then such a state threatens the development of diseases, inflammatory processes.

Specificity of liver biochemistry

Biochemistry of the liver - what is it? The human liver consists of water, proteins, enzymes, lipids, glycogen. Its tissues contain minerals: copper, iron, nickel, manganese, so the biochemical study of liver tissue is a very informative and fairly effective analysis. The most important enzymes in the liver are glucokinase, hexokinase. The most sensitive to biochemical tests are liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (APF). As a rule, the study focuses on the indicators of these substances.

For a full-fledged and successful monitoring of their health, everyone should know what "analysis of biochemistry" is.

Spheres of the study of biochemistry and the importance of correct interpretation of the analysis results

What does biochemistry study? First of all, the processes of metabolism, the chemical composition of the cell, the chemical nature and function of enzymes, vitamins, acids. Blood parameters can be assessed by these parameters only if the analysis is correctly deciphered. If everything is good, the blood counts for different parameters (glucose level, protein, blood enzymes) should not deviate from the norm. Otherwise, it should be regarded as a signal about the violation of the body.

Decoding of biochemistry

How can I decipher the numbers in the analysis results? Below is a transcript of the analysis of blood biochemistry by main indicators.

Glucose

The glucose level indicates the quality of the carbohydrate metabolism process. The boundary content should not exceed 5.5 mmol / l. If the level is lower, then this may indicate diabetes, endocrine diseases, liver problems. An increased level of glucose may be due to diabetes, physical exertion, hormonal drugs.

Protein

The norm of the protein content in the blood is 65-85 g / l. A low result indicates the disruption of the kidneys, liver, chronic diseases, poor nutrition, and dehydration. A high level of protein is a signal about the inflammatory process.

Cholesterol

The norm of the cholesterol content in the blood is 2.97-8.79 mmol / l. Its level even in a healthy person depends on sex, age, physical activity, sometimes the time of the year. High cholesterol signals about possible atherosclerosis of blood vessels, heart diseases.

Urea

This is the name of the final product of the breakdown of proteins. In a healthy person, it must be completely excreted from the body with urine. If this does not happen, and it gets into the blood, then you should definitely check the kidneys.

Hemoglobin

It is an erythrocyte protein that saturates the body's cells with oxygen. Norm: for men - 130-160 g / l, for girls - 120-150 g / l. A low level of hemoglobin in the blood is considered one of the indicators of developing anemia.

Biochemical blood test for blood enzymes (AlAT, AsAT, CK, amylase)

Enzymes are responsible for the full functioning of the liver, heart, kidneys, pancreas. Without the right amount, a complete exchange of amino acids is simply impossible.

The norm of the enzyme content of the liver of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, ALT) is 41 units / l for men, up to 31 units / liter for women. Increased content indicates the malfunction of the heart, liver, possibly, viral hepatitis.

The level of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST , AST - cellular heart enzyme, kidney, liver) should not be higher than 41 and 31 U / L for men and women, respectively. Otherwise, it may indicate the development of hepatitis, heart disease.

Lipase (an enzyme that breaks down fats) plays an important role in metabolism and should not exceed a value of 190 units / liter. Elevated levels signal a violation of the pancreas.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of biochemical analysis for blood enzymes. What is biochemistry and what it explores, every person who cares about his health should know.

Amylase

This enzyme is found in the pancreas and saliva. He is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates and their assimilation. The norm is 28-100 units / liter. Its high content in the blood can indicate renal failure, cholecystitis, diabetes mellitus, peritonitis.

The results of the biochemical blood test are recorded in a special form, where the levels of the substances are indicated. Often, this analysis is prescribed as an additional to clarify the alleged diagnosis. When deciphering the results of blood biochemistry, consider that they are also affected by the sex of the patient, his age and lifestyle. Now you know what is studying biochemistry and how to interpret its results correctly.

How correctly to prepare for delivery of blood for biochemistry?

As a rule, biochemistry of the blood is recommended to be taken, if physicians suspect the presence:

- acute diseases of internal organs;

- intoxication;

- vitamin deficiency;

- inflammatory processes;

- for the prevention of diseases, during pregnancy;

- to clarify the diagnosis.

Blood for analysis is taken early in the morning, and before coming to the doctor there is no. Otherwise, the results of the analysis will be distorted. Biochemical research will show how correct is your metabolism and salts in the body. In addition, refrain from drinking sweet tea, coffee, milk, at least an hour or two before the blood sample.

Be sure to answer your question about what biochemistry is, before you pass the analysis. Knowing the process and its importance will help you to correctly assess the health status and be competent in medical matters.

How do they take blood for biochemistry?

The procedure does not last long and is practically painless. At the person in a sitting position (sometimes they suggest lying on the couch), the medic takes blood from the vein, having previously applied a tourniquet. The site of the injection must be treated with an antiseptic. The sample taken is placed in a sterile tube and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Control over the quality of biochemical research is carried out in several stages:

- preanalytical (preparation of the patient, taking the analysis, transportation to the laboratory);

- analytical (processing and storage of biomaterial, dosing, reaction, analysis of the result);

- post-analysis (filling out the form with the result, laboratory-clinical analysis, sending to the doctor).

The quality of the result of biochemistry depends on the appropriateness of the chosen research method, the competence of the laboratory technicians, the accuracy of the measurements, the technical equipment, the purity of the reagents, and the observance of the diet.

Biochemistry for hair

What is biochemistry for hair? Biovanivka is a way of long curling curls. The difference between a normal chemical wave and biocasting is principled. In the latter case, do not use hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, thioglycolic acid. The role of the active substance is performed by the analog of cystine (biological protein). It was from here that the name of the method of hair styling took place.

Undoubted advantages can be called:

- gentle action on the structure of the hair;

- a washed-out line between grown-ups and hair that has undergone bio-tweaking;

- the procedure can be repeated without waiting for the final disappearance of its effect.

But before going to the master, the following nuances should be considered:

- the technology of bio-waving is rather complicated, and it is necessary to approach scrupulously to the choice of the master;

- The effect is short-lived, about 1-4 months (especially on hair that has not been subjected to curling, staining, has a dense structure);

- Bioclaving is not cheap (an average of 1500-3500 rubles).

Methods of Biochemistry

What is biochemistry and what methods are used for research? Their choice depends on its purpose and the tasks assigned by the doctor. They are designed to study the biochemical structure of the cell, to examine the sample for possible deviations from the norm and thus help diagnose the disease, learn the dynamics of recovery, etc.

1. Chromatography (the method consists in the distribution of substances between two phases: mobile and stationary).
2. Centrifugation (the biomaterial is placed in a special centrifuge for separation of plasma from red blood cells).
3. Electrophoresis (the method allows the sharing of blood serum proteins).
4. Determination of the total protein in the serum from the biuret reaction (the proteins are reacted with the complex compound, which stains the test substances in violet).
5. Enzymatic (urease) methods for the determination of urea (a urease enzyme is used as a reagent). The essence of the method is that under the influence of urease, urea is split up to produce ammonia, and then the lab worker calculates its concentration.
6. Inhibitory analysis (using enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD)) accelerates the reaction of ions of an oxygen molecule with an unpaired electron, which allows studying the metabolism of cells and the concentration of enzymes in the blood).

Biochemistry is one of the most effective tests for clarifying, diagnosing, monitoring treatment, determining a successful therapy regimen.