What are the questions of the gospel? The gerundive is examples. The words-participles

In the structure of the Russian language, along with the independent and service parts of speech, there are so-called special forms of the verb, about which many linguists are arguing. Some of them say that according to morphological features participles and adverbial participles can be brought into the composition of significant parts, while others maintain that the dependence of these forms on the verb itself is too great, and therefore there can be no question of any independence. One way or another, but in the school curriculum, girundess is called a special unchangeable form of the verb, which has the meaning of additional action and grammatical features of the adverb and verb. To determine whether a particular word is from the context of this very special form, it is necessary to know which questions the gerundive participates in. In this case it's "What's doing?" Or "What is done?" It is worth noting that, in answering these questions, the word must complement the predicate, namely, indicate how the main action in the sentence is performed.

Signs of the verb

Since the gerund is formed from the verb and is its special form, it also has morphological features inherent in this part of speech. First, the form: it can be perfect and imperfect, depending on whether the completeness of the action is indicated or not. For example: looking (CB) and looking (NSV). Secondly, this is the transitivity: the gerund, like the verb, in the transitional form can be used without a preposition together with the nominal parts of speech in the genitive case - with negation - and in the nominative and accusative case with the affirmation. For example: having built a relationship . And the intransitive gerundive, examples of which are often found in oral speech, are always used with prepositions. For example: hurrying to help, rejoicing the sun .

Signs of the Adverb

In order to determine the morphological signs, similar to the adverb, it is necessary to recall what questions the gospel participates in. For example: I stand at the window, peering (what do? How?) Into the distance . From the example clearly seen that the word peering denotes both the action and its sign, depends on the main verb and in the sentence appears in the role of circumstance. Other morphological features inherent in an independent part of speech, such as gender, face, time and number, it does not have, since it is immutable.

The gerundive of the imperfect type

When studying this topic, special attention should be paid to the questions that are answered by the gerunds of various species. So, for example, imperfect verbal participles have the value of simultaneously performing additional action with the one indicated by the predicate and answering the question "What is doing?". For example: standing on a bench, he took out a cup from the top shelf .

Such verbal participles are based on the verbs of the NSV in the present tense with the help of the suffixes -a or -y-. The exception is the word be , which is transformed into a special form by means of the suffix -uchi. In other cases, the lessons-and-the-eggs, are used solely to obtain a stylistically colored gir. Examples: being - being, playing - are playful .

It should be noted that not all imperfective verbs can become the basis for gerund. Education does not involve lexical units with endings on -ch, -not, and also with words sizzling inside and with a base of only consonant letters. For example: an oven, dry, write, drink.

Verbal participles of perfect type

It is important to know which questions the de- participle of the perfect species meets and how it is formed, since it is these rules that will help to form the right form of the word correctly. The question for the verbal participles of the SW is "What's done?" Such words have the meaning of an action that occurred before the specified predicate. For example: standing on a bench, he took out a cup from the top shelf .

Data of gerunds from the basis of verbs of the perfect species in the past tense are formed by attaching the following suffixes:

• -b, if the verb stem ends with a vowel letter ( having made, having thrown off, having removed );
• -show, if the verb is returnable and its stem ends in a vowel (having looked, stroking, seeing );
• -shi- if the stem ends with a consonant ( having lost, hiding ).

Communion and participle: difference

It is very important not to confuse the questions of participles and gerunds and learn to distinguish these forms of verbs. In fact, there is nothing complicated here. In order to correctly determine in what form the word is used, it is necessary to remember which questions are in the gerund (What is being done? What are we doing?), And which ones - in the sacrament (What is doing? What is done?). It should also be noted that these two forms have completely different morphological features and significance. So, for example, participles designate actions with pronounced attributes of the adjective, while the gerundive participles have the value of an additional action.

Morphological analysis of the gerundive

One of the main topics in the study of the section of the Russian language on gerundive is the morphological analysis of this verb form. Before starting to analyze, in the given sentence it is necessary to select the grammatical basis and find the gerund. To this end, questions are raised from the grammatical basis. So far, nothing complicated. Knowing that the giver participates in answering questions (examples are listed above), indicating the additional effect of the object or person in question, it is quite easy to determine it. Then they write it down and start analyzing it.

Morphological analysis is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Record the name of a part of speech, its grammatical meaning and indicate a question that can be put to it from the main word.
2. Write down the initial form of the verbal participle and list its morphological features, namely: the form of the verbal participle (perfect or imperfect) and its recurrence.
3. Next, it should be pointed out that the word being analyzed is an immutable form, and therefore has no non-permanent morphological features.
4. In conclusion, indicate which member of the sentence is the gerundive in this case.