What are museums: names, species

"A people who does not know their past has no future." This wise idea helps to understand the important role played by history in the life of modern society. There is no excuse for those people who believe that museum exhibits are just useless ancient items, the time of which has long since passed. Today, every person is obliged to realize what an important social role they play. These exposures erase the boundaries of time, linking whole epochs among themselves.

The importance of museums in the life of society

They help a modern person to see the similarities and differences between today and long-disappeared civilizations. Thanks to numerous historical works and museum collections today almost every person has the opportunity to plunge into the past and learn a lot about the life and life of their ancestors. Modern museums are an integral part of the culture of the whole people. In this article, we will look at which museums are, types and profiles of their activities.

From the depth of centuries to our days

Since ancient times, people have appreciated the heritage of their ancestors and carefully collected particles of the past. To date, mankind has preserved this noble tradition in the form of exhibitions and exhibitions. What are museums and what are they? It is considered that this institution, which functions in the field of education and science, in order to store, study and exhibit monuments of both spiritual and material culture. The very first museums were built in Egypt and Greece, as these countries were the most developed not only in terms of civilization, but also culture.

The first ancient museums

In Greece, such educational institutions were called "museion" and were often under the auspices of one or more scientists. One of the first museums in Alexandria was founded by Ptolemy I. It was quite spacious and included living rooms, reading rooms, botanical and biological gardens. In the halls there were valuable exhibits, among which were busts and statues of various prominent figures of that time.

Subtlety of the museum business in the past

Staff members received decent salaries, which were allocated from the state treasury. The huge halls of the library could not but astonish the faces. The most valuable manuscripts of the past were carefully preserved there. Ptolemy took care that in one of the many rooms was built a small school for the children of wealthy parents. It was the first and truly beautiful museum, but unfortunately it did not last long, because in 270 there was a fire that destroyed it together with the Alexandria Library, which to this day there are no equal in the whole world.

Varieties of modern museums

What are the modern museums? They differ among themselves not only in importance (All-Russian, central, republican), but also by types. The first and one of the most important - research. For the most part, they are aimed at educational and scientific-educational work. In such museums there are huge departments in which dozens of scientists work. At their disposal are all the information collected on this or that question. However, the main goal of the building is an exhibition of museum exhibits.

What are museums in Russia?

Another type of museum is research. It is intended solely for the study and storage of various primary sources of historical value. This is a closed type of museums that exhibit exhibits in extremely rare cases. What are the museums associated with education? To date, there are also educational museums. Their main goal is to maximally promote the educational process. There, in the right amount, the necessary materials for research are available.

Museums are divided not only by types, but also by profiles. There are many more. Below are the main directions:

• Ethnographic specializes in the history and modernity of various peoples, as well as their culture.
• The archaeological exhibit mainly materials obtained as a result of excavations carried out on the territory of various countries.
• Military-historical stores materials of military and post-war times, including military equipment, weapons, clothing and other items that were in use among soldiers.
• The historical-revolutionary collects information of a material nature about various state reforms in those or other countries.
• General history is a museum of a broad profile, so to speak, which contains materials about the origin and history of various states and their development.
• Technical - to such a profile can be attributed museums of machine building, space exploration, etc.
• Natural science exhibits exhibits of biological, geological, zoological and anthropological nature.
• Literary exhibits printed publications directly related to the development of literature within one or more states.
• Local history museums are complex, because they combine several profiles at once, for example, historical, biological and literary.

An extensive list of museums on the territory of the Russian Federation

These are the main types and profiles by which you can distinguish museums. Undoubtedly, this list is far from complete, as the development of the museum business has acquired quite a strong scope, and it will be difficult to classify each one. What museums are there? Names and brief information about them are presented in our article. The above list of museums is widely distributed both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Many are also interested in what kind of museums are in Moscow? The list given above is also relevant for the white-stone capital, however there are well-known buildings that every person must visit at least once in his life.

Once in Moscow, do not pass by:

• State Historical Museum.
• Diamond Fund.
• The Armory Chamber.
• The Memorial Museum of Astronautics.
• The State Pushkin Museum.
• All-Russian Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art.
• Museum of the History of Moscow.
• Museum of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia.
• Moscow Memorial Museum of the Russian Imperial Family.
• State art, historical and architectural and nature-landscape museum-reserve "Kolomenskoye".
• State historical and cultural museum-reserve "Moscow Kremlin".

Museums are a great opportunity to look into the treasury of the past and see how ancient civilizations lived before, compare their culture and material life. It is important to remember that the past of mankind is inseparably linked with its future.