UAZ generator: connection and replacement

UAZ cars are, perhaps, the most common SUVs in our country. The highest maintainability, simplicity of design, reliability - all these factors have contributed to their popularity for many decades. Unfortunately, mechanics, however reliable it may be, are not eternal. Including electrical equipment. There are many failures in their work, but the most important element is the electric current generator. About him and will go today speech.

What is a generator

This device for converting the rotation of the crankshaft into an electric current. The generator is a part of the vehicle's on-board electrical system. When the engine is running, the unit recharges the battery and provides the ignition system, the servicing systems and the car itself with an electric current. The problem in his work is not so much. But in order to understand their cause, it is necessary to clarify in more detail the operation principle of this device.

How the generator works

Structurally, the device repeats a conventional electric motor with the difference that the rotor is driven by a belt drive from the crankshaft pulley and, by its rotation, activates an alternating current in the winding which is converted to a constant current by means of a rectifier unit.

But the magnitude of this current depends on the rotational speed of the rotor and, accordingly, the engine speed. Therefore, the generator is equipped with a regulator of output voltage, which stabilizes it. The mechanism works regardless of the rotor speed.

What characteristics does the generator have?

UAZ in the factory version is quite a low-power car. In the early releases the current of the recoil of its generator was only 40A. Subsequently, the parameter increased to 60A. The design of the rectifier unit and the voltage regulator has changed. What was the regular generator of the UAZ "Bukhanka"? Model 452 is a very unreliable unit. About his problems, fortunately, you can easily find out by the built-in instrument panel ammeter. Another feature of the old generator is a voltage regulator, made in the form of a separate unit. With its malfunction, due to self-excitation of the winding, the engine refused to stall when the ignition was switched off.

New generators have a different design and, accordingly, a different connection scheme. Here the voltage regulator is built into the brush holder and is made by a single unit. Differences also affect the drive belt. The old devices were driven by a narrow belt, the new ones by a wider, polyclinic. более мощный, с выходным током до 120А, поскольку на этом автомобиле установлено множество электрических потребителей, чего нет в предыдущих моделях. The UAZ "Patriot" generator has a more powerful one, with an output current of up to 120A, as many electric consumers are installed on this car, which is not present in previous models.

Connection Features

There are quite a few ways of connecting the device. The fact is that depending on the type of the generator (with an external voltage regulator or built-in), a diverse connection is possible. In all cases, the UAZ generator is connected using three wires. This is a general plus for the battery, to the ignition switch, the warning lamp and the voltmeter on the dashboard. There are quite a few options for upgrading the connection. And they all require a fairly serious knowledge of the principles of the work of automotive electricians. Otherwise, at least a short circuit in the rectifier unit is possible.

Driving belts

As already mentioned, there are many modifications of generators on UAZ. Many of them are installed only on specific engines, including UMP. Due to the fact that the timing drive on these engines is chain, the alternator pulley is combined with the coolant pump and the radiator impeller. Has a fairly large size of the UAZ generator belt. It is from 1030 to 1238 mm in length.

The basic model is 6RK1220. In addition, there are modifications with power steering. A separate drive belt of a shorter length is placed for its pump. On the UAZ car "Patriot" drive timing - belt. What modifications does the generator belt have? UAZ "Patriot" diesel type can be equipped with various such elements. On cars until 2012 - this 6RK 2100 (one belt), after 2012 - with two belts 6RK 1220. When choosing the appropriate element, you must follow the instruction manual, as well as the catalog of the details of a specific engine.

Dismantling the device

How is the generator removed or replaced? UAZ "Loaf", like any other car, from time to time also requires maintenance or repair. It should be noted that the process of dismantling the device is somewhat different from that on VAZ models - a longer belt, or even two, and also leading auxiliary units that complicate the work. Before the start of the operation, the negative terminal of the battery must be removed. Further, all wires and terminals are disconnected from the device itself, which generates a current.

To remove the UAZ generator, you need to get the GUR strap (if it is), loosen the tension bar of the generator and remove the strap completely. Unscrew the two bolts holding the upper bracket. Then the long bolt, which fastens the generator to the block of cylinders from below, is turned away. After this, the generator is successfully removed from the car. UAZ "Patriot" has some feature - it does not need to remove the second belt, and the tension is regulated by a special roller. Install the device in the reverse order.

Possible improvements in the mechanism

The work of the generator on UAZ cars raises many questions and problems. First of all it concerns old designs and connections. The cardinal way is a complete replacement of the generator with installation on a suitable pulley, removed from the old device, or a selection of a new one. In view of the fact that in our time UAZs are used as off-road vehicles for hunting, fishing or extreme sports, a large number of additional electrical equipment is installed on them.

The regular generator of UAZ does not cope with the increased load and requires the replacement of individual parts or the whole device in the case, for example, of a short-circuit of the stator. But it is possible to refine the old mechanism by installing additional diodes in the rectifier block. Motorists modify the voltage regulator. And if it's a new sample, then install a three-level element with a remote control unit. The best results, of course, give a replacement for a foreign generator (for example, from Toyota, at 120A). Finalization is reduced only to the replacement of the crankshaft pulley.

Basic Faults

The most frequent breakdown is the breakdown of diodes in the rectifier block (the so-called "horseshoe"). In this case, the whole block is subject to replacement. Also, the UAZ generator fails due to the failure of the voltage regulator. Because of this, the voltage in the bus system drops with the engine running. There is a shortage of the battery. Also during operation, the brushes in the brush assembly are erased. Here, too, the voltage in the bus system drops under load. Because of the natural wear of the carbon brushes, they are shortened and are pressed against the contact ring worse during operation.

Another fault is the wear of the rotor shaft bearings. It can be natural or caused by excessive belt tension of the generator. In this case, to replace the bearings (there are two of them - front and rear), they should be pressed out of the seats and replaced with new ones. In all cases, the generator must be removed from the vehicle for maintenance and prevention. The long-term and trouble-free operation of the device is affected by the condition of its drive belt. Wear and cracks are a sign of wear. Such a belt is subject to urgent replacement.

Conclusion

Thus, the correct and uninterrupted operation of the electrical equipment of the UAZ car is largely based on the efficiency of the generator. And the wide possibilities of modifications of the voltage regulator and the replacement of other elements make it possible to significantly expand the capabilities of the electrical system and adapt it to the consumption of a higher number of electrical appliances.