Types of worldview. Philosophy as a worldview

In the most general sense, a worldview is a system of human representations about the surrounding world, its place in it. The specificity of this system determines the activities of the individual, forms traditions and customs. For many centuries of history, the human worldview has undergone significant transformations.

At each stage of civilization development, society is characterized by a certain worldview, and its types are the dominant systems of views and perceptions in different periods. There are four types: mythological, religious, philosophical and scientific. Hence, the ratio of philosophy and worldview - the ratio of private and general.

Mythological worldview is characteristic of primitive people. This is a fantastic idea of the world around us, expressed in the form of fairy tales, legends, and myths that were passed from mouth to mouth for many years, mainly until the appearance of writing. It determined the moral position of primitive people, acted as the primary regulator of behavior, the form of socialization, prepared the ground for the emergence of the next type of worldview.

Religious worldview also represents an organized system of beliefs about a supernatural being - a god or a group of gods. But unlike the characters of myths, the main characters of religious traditions pretend to unconditionally accept their authority. On the other hand, in a society dominated by a mythological worldview, a person's activity is completely determined by the culture of the dominant myth, while an individual can accept and not accept religion. The latter, however, always has negative consequences for the subject in religious countries, and often - in some secular states.

Philosophy as a world view, in comparison with the previous types, is a relatively progressive system of judgments about the surrounding world, because it is based on not groundless representations and images, but rational thinking and logical laws. Philosophy as a worldview is a way of explaining the phenomena of the world and the place of man in it. Philosophical concepts offer detailed solutions to the basic question of philosophy, the rationale for a moral position. But they do not claim to be universal and do not imply rituals characteristic of religious and mythological systems.

Philosophy as a worldview and science have a common rational nature. But science is an objective knowledge of the world, substantiated theoretically and practically confirmed. In addition, the scientific worldview is a systematized knowledge that has a branch differentiation.

Philosophy as a world view is a prerequisite for the emergence of science and contains a methodological system used by modern scientists.

Philosophy is an intermediate stage between primitive and later medieval "obscuring" of unexplained phenomena by sensory images of gods, mythological heroes and the formation of rational instruments of cognition.