Basic philosophical concepts

The theoretical basis for the life of modern society rests on this or that decision, which emerged from the deductions of philosophers who extrapolated their philosophical concepts into the real world. With the passage of time and the changing structure of society, these theories were revised, supplemented and expanded, crystallized into what we have at the moment. Modern science distinguishes two basic philosophical concepts of society: idealistic and materialistic.

Idealistic theory

The idealistic theory is that the foundation of society, its core forms the spiritual principle, enlightenment and the height of the moral qualities of the units that make up a given society. Often, under the rod, God was understood, Pure Reason, World Intellect or human consciousness. The main idea lies in the thesis that the world is governed by ideas. And that by "putting" thoughts in a person's mind with a certain vector (good, evil, altruistic, etc.), it was possible to reorganize the whole of mankind.

Undoubtedly, there are certain grounds for such a theory. For example, the fact that all actions performed by man occur with the participation of reason and consciousness. Before the division of labor such a theory could be taken for granted. But at the moment when the mental sphere of life separated from the physical, an illusion appeared that the consciousness and the idea were above the material. Gradually there was a monopoly on mental work, and hard work was done by those who did not get into the circle of the elect.

Materialistic theory

The materialistic theory can be divided into two parts. The first draws a parallel between the place of residence of a group of people and the formation of a society. That is, the geographical position, landscape, minerals, access to large water reservoirs, etc., determine the direction of the future state, its political system, the stratification of society.

The second part is reflected in the theory of Marxism: labor is the basis of society. Because for the study of literature, art, science or philosophy you need to satisfy vital needs. This is how the pyramid of four feet is built: economic - social - political - spiritual.

Naturalistic and other theories

Less well-known philosophical concepts: naturalistic, technocratic and phenomenological theory.

The naturalistic conception explains the structure of society, referring to its nature, that is, to the physical, biological, geographical patterns of human development. A similar model is used in biology to describe habits within a pack of animals. The person, according to this theory, differs only in features of behavior.

The technocratic concept is associated with spasmodic stages in the development of science and technology, the widespread introduction of the results of technological progress and the transformation of society in rapidly changing conditions.

Phenomenological theory is the result of the crisis that has befallen humanity in modern history. Philosophers try to deduce the theory that society is born of itself, not relying on factors from outside. But she has not yet received the distribution.

Picture of the world

The basic philosophical concepts assert that there are several most probable pictures of the world. This sensory-spatial, spiritual-cultural and metaphysical, mention the physical, biological, philosophical theories.

If we start from the end, then the philosophical theory is based around the concept of being, its cognition and relationship with consciousness in general and man in particular. The history of the development of philosophy shows that with each new stage the notion of being was rethought, there were new proofs of its existence or refutation. At the moment the theory says that being is, and its knowledge is in constant dynamic balance with science and spiritual institutions.

The concept of man

The philosophical conception of man is now focused on the idealistic problem of man, the so-called "synthetic" concept. Philosophical anthropology seeks to know a person in all spheres of his life, involving medicine, genetics, physics and other sciences. At the moment there are only sketchy theories: biological, psychological, religious, cultural, but there is no researcher who would connect from to the whole system. The philosophical concept of man has remained an open question, over which the modern generation of philosophers continues to work.

The concept of development

The philosophical concept of development is also dichotomous. It represents two theories: dialectics and metaphysics.

Dialectics is the consideration of phenomena and events occurring in the world in all their diversity, dynamic development, change and interaction with each other.

Metaphysics considers things separately, without explaining their interrelations, without taking into account their influence on each other. For the first time this theory was put forward by Aristotle, pointing out that, after passing through a series of changes, matter is embodied in the only possible form.

Philosophical concepts develop in parallel with science and help to expand our knowledge of the world around us. Some of them find their confirmation, some of it remains only inferences, and the units are rejected as having no basis.