Types and types of batteries. Types of finger batteries in size

Any devices that do not connect to an electrical outlet are powered by battery packs. There are many elements. Let's try to understand this diversity. In today's article, we'll look at the main types of batteries.

Types of elements and their classification

They are distinguished by the materials from which the active components are made. Any battery consists of:

• Anode;
• Cathode;
• Electrolyte.

Now the industry produces more than five types of batteries:

• Salt.
• Alkaline.
• Mercury.
• Lithium.
• Silver.

Also, you can select batteries in the form of batteries.

The device and features of salt products

This battery has replaced a manganese-zinc battery. In terms of size, this autonomous power source has not changed, but the production technologies have changed seriously. In a salt battery, solutions based on ammonium chloride are used as an electrolyte. In this solution are the anode and the cathode of the battery. These functional elements are made from materials such as zinc, as well as manganese oxide. The electrolyte is connected by a salt bridge. The main advantage that these types of batteries have is low prices. These are the most affordable sources of energy among all the others that can be purchased. Serious drawbacks include a large loss in the electrical capacity when discharged. Also, the cons of the product include a short shelf life. Use an element without losing its characteristics can not more than two years. By the end of this period, the capacity of the battery is reduced to 40%. At low temperatures, the battery may lose all its capacity.

Alkaline elements

These types of batteries were developed in the 64th year. They are also called alkaline. What is their difference? A simple user can understand this by the time of operation. As the reviews say, it is the alkaline products that last much longer than others. And the cost is only 20-30 percent more. The electrodes for these elements are zinc. Also in the production of manganese dioxide is used. The electrolyte is a solution of potassium hydroxide.

These elements are widespread. They are ideal for most electronic devices. Among the advantages - high electrical capacity, if you compare them with the salt analogue, and as a result, a sufficiently long shelf life. Alkaline battery is able to work without loss of properties and characteristics even at low temperatures. These models improve leak tightness, which reduces the risk of electrolyte leakage. As for the service life, this battery can be stored for up to 5 years. The battery is self-discharging at a much slower rate than the salt analog. These types of AAA batteries are preferred for use in electronic engineering.

The downsides include a decrease in the voltage level over time in the moments when the battery is actively discharged. With similar salt products, the dimensions, weight and cost of this element are higher.

Mercury

To manufacture this battery, zinc is used as an anode material, and cathodes are made from mercury oxides. Inside the element, the two electrodes are separated by a special diaphragm and a separator. The diaphragm is impregnated with special solutions of potassium hydroxides. Due to this design and composition, mercury batteries can be operated as a battery. But in the process of cyclic use, the element will be degraded - the electric capacity will decrease substantially.

The main advantages include stable voltage, capacity, independence from temperature conditions, long storage times.

The minuses include high costs, risks of depressurization and leaks of hazardous mercury. It is also necessary to properly dispose of these batteries.

Silver elements

For the anode, zinc is used, cathodes are made of silver oxides. The electrolyte is sodium or potassium hydroxide. This class includes batteries for watches. Among the advantages are stable output voltages and high energy capacity. The battery is immune to temperature changes, and also has a long shelf life. The only negative is the high price.

Lithium battery

The product has a cathode made of lithium inside. It is separated from the anode by means of a diaphragm and a separator. The diaphragm is impregnated with special organic solutions-electrolytes. The advantages include constant voltages, the magnitude of which does not depend on the load currents. The battery has a small mass, long periods of storage, as well as immunity to temperature changes. To the disadvantages are only high prices.

Accumulators

Along with uncharged batteries, they produce rechargeable batteries. They have a serious advantage - they can be repeatedly recharged. Types of batteries are also different - there are lead, iron-nickel, nickel-cadmium products and lithium.

Battery size

All stand-alone batteries can be distinguished from each other in size. One of the most popular methods of classification is the American system. This system is very convenient, and it is widely used in most countries. Let's look at the types of batteries in size. According to the American system, the battery with the name "D" has the following dimensions - the height is 61.5 mm, the diameter is - 34.2 mm. Voltage - 1.5 V. Element type "C" - 50.0 mm in height, 26.2 mm in diameter, the voltage is 1.5 V. The battery "AA" delivers a voltage of 1.5 V, has a 14.5 mm In diameter, and its height is 50.5 mm. One of the most popular "AAA" or in the common people "mizinchikovaya" - 44.5 mm in height, 10.5 mm in diameter, 1.5 V. "PP3" - 48.5 mm in height, 26.5 in diameter, The voltage is 9 V.

In everyday life, people do not use the classification, and the batteries are called differently. For example, the AA size model can be compared with a human finger. For this in the people it is called finger. There are other types of finger batteries - AAA. The sizes are comparable to the size of the little finger. The battery type "C" in the people is called "inch". PP3 is nothing more than a crown.

Battery-tablet

It is a silver anode, a cathode of zinc, an electrolyte in the form of a mixture of salts in the consistency of the paste.

Different battery manufacturers often label these products, and the designations are far from standard. Consider what kind of battery-pill. Kinds of them can be distinguished according to standard sizes. Dimensions start from 5.8 mm and end 11.6 mm. The height varies from 2.1 mm to 5.4. These small silver batteries are used to power electronic or quartz watches. When you need to change the battery, people often think about what battery to buy. If the manufacturer installed the element 399 in the clock, then instead of it you can choose the alternative options:

• LR57.
• LR57SW.
• LR927.

All these types of batteries are the same in size. The number indicates that this battery with a height of 2.6 mm and a diameter of 9.5 mm.

Marking

The IEC International Electrotechnical Commission has developed a system of designations by which modern manufacturers are obliged to label batteries.

For example, there is an element with the designation 15 A LR6 AA 1.5 V. So, these types of batteries have a charge of 15 Ah. Class (in this case, "AA") indicates that the battery is finger, capable of giving a voltage of 1.5 V. And LR6 reports that this element is alkaline.

Salt elements are indicated by the symbol "R". Alkaline - "LR", silver - "SR", lithium - "CR". In addition, battery classes are sometimes indicated with the help of numbers. 20 is the D-class, C-14, AA-6, AAA-03, PP3-6/22. Have their designations and battery-pills. Species are identified by number. Then we decode all the symbols from the example. Letters indicate that the element is of alkaline type. The figure reports that the element is their class AA.

Conclusion

Thus, knowing the size of modern batteries, their designations and decoding, you can easily select a suitable stand-alone power source for any portable device. But often you do not need to know such detailed information to a common man in the street. It is enough only to consider the dimensions when choosing. 90 percent of all batteries are AA or AAA. It's rather difficult to make a mistake here.