Tooth supercomplex: causes, symptoms and features of treatment

Normally, a baby grows 20 milk teeth, then in their place appear 32 permanent, including eight. But sometimes more teeth are cut. A similar anomaly is called hyperdontia and polyiodontia, and extra dental units themselves are supercomplex. The tooth differs from the others in shape and position in the oral cavity.

Danger of this pathology

As a rule, extra units grow outside the dentition, which affects the appearance of a person. Especially they are visible at a smile or dialogue. In some cases, even with a closed mouth, a protruding lip or an extended jaw is visible in the person, which does not close. With supercomplete teeth, lisp and speech problems appear.

Another hyperdontia affects the formation of bite. After all, with such pathology, there are difficulties with chewing and biting food, in addition, there is a shift of molars. Due to unnecessary dental elements, there are problems with the implementation of permanent hygiene procedures in the oral cavity. And without proper care, there are various diseases of the oral cavity.

Quite often damage to supercomplete teeth undergoes mucous, which leads to inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Because of the crowding of dental units, a dental row is incorrectly formed in a person and the bite is broken.

Superfund teeth: the causes of the appearance

The exact cause of this anomaly is still unknown. However, scientists suggest that polyiodontia occurs as a result of splitting of the dental rudiment or as atavism.

The appearance of extra bone formation in the mouth is explained by the fact that the dental system is trying to return to the original number of units that were laid by nature. At our ancestors on the upper and lower jaws there were 6 incisors. That is why many physicians tend to believe that hyperdontia in some people is nothing more than atavism.

According to another hypothesis, excess dental units appear during the splitting of dental rudiments. Hyperdontia in this case appears due to a violation of the development of the jaws in the future baby in the embryonic period. Appear tooth supercomplex can also due to poor ecology, viral infections, the use of the future mother of drugs and alcohol, illicit drugs during pregnancy and other factors.

The reasons for this anomaly, scientists continue to explore. They can not accurately explain the development of polyiodontics, but most of them tend to the second hypothesis.

Many people with hyperdontia have only one extra tooth, but in 25% of cases, several such elements are observed, most often located in the dentition. At the same time, approximately one in five people with this pathology have an excessively retinished tooth.

Varieties of hyperdontia

Such an anomaly is classified into species by several features. Allocate hyperdontia:

• Atypical . Supercomplex units appear outside the alveolar cavity, the dentition, and sometimes even outside the oral cavity.
• False . The development of polyiodontia is associated with the eruption of spliced or doubled bone formations, as well as the delay in the loss of milk teeth.
• True . Formation of supercomplex indigenous units is observed.
• Atavistic (typical). Additional dental elements are located within the dentition.

The main symptoms of polyiodontics

The eruption of supercomplete units may have different signs in children and adults. For example, some babies are already born with such teeth. It is very difficult to feed them, as they injure the nipple during breastfeeding.

When an overcomplete tooth grows in an older child, symptoms can arise such as:

• The appearance of pain in the place of eruption;
• temperature increase;
• In rare cases - upset stomach;
• Swelling of the upper respiratory tract;
• salivation.

The most difficult is the eruption of excess dental elements in the upper sky. When the baby begins to talk, the polyodontics badly affects the pronunciation of sounds. In addition, the tongue and mucous membranes of the mouth are constantly injured, which provokes the development of inflammatory processes.

How to relieve unpleasant symptoms of eruption of excess teeth?

This is important for young children, since adults in most cases do not feel any discomfort when additional tooth elements appear in the mouth. Because the tooth is overcomplete cut with the same symptoms as milk, treatment of possible complications will be the same.

If the child during the eruption of excess teeth has a high fever, you should give him "Ibuprofen" or "Paracetamol" in the form of a suspension for oral administration. These medicines help not only to lower the temperature, but also to eliminate pain, as well as symptoms of inflammation of the soft tissues of the palate or gums.

It is also recommended to use local remedies with anesthetic effect in the form of an ointment or gel: "Solcoseryl", "Dentinox" and "Calgel" when cutting a supercomplete tooth. They have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

Babies over 2 years are allowed to be treated with alternative medicine: bee products (propolis and honey), decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, chamomile, lemon balm). It is also recommended to rinse the mouth with solutions made according to folk recipes. They relieve unpleasant sensations and prevent the development of inflammation. But before such treatment it is necessary to consult with the dentist.

Sometimes a temporary tooth overcomplex erupts only partially, and part of its crown remains in the tissues of the jaw. To make this rudiment grow, a special massage is performed, vibro- or electro-stimulation.

Diagnostic measures

To detect excess teeth in the mouth, the dentist needs to perform a visual examination and listen to human complaints. But if the supercomplete unit did not erupt, the specialist for a complete study of the picture conducts X-ray. This study allows you to visualize all dental elements, even supercomplex, and also to find out the features of their location.

If it is necessary to study the problem site in different planes, and also to detect inflammatory processes, the specialist conducts additional diagnostics using computed tomography.

Elimination of pathology

Treatment of hyperdontia depends on many factors - the tilt and location of the superfine tooth, the degree of disruption that it provokes, and the period of occlusion.

Removing the supercomplete tooth is performed in the following situations:

• An extra unit is cut in place of the molars.
• Additional bone formation caused the formation of pathologies of the occlusion, both deep and open.
• Superfunded tooth elements are retinued, and there are no chances for their eruption (distal, medial, vestibular or palatal slope).

By the way, quite often one only removal of an extra tooth is not enough. To restore the integrity of the dentition, resort to the use of orthodontic devices.

Removing the retinas overcomplete tooth

Extraction of an extra dental unit is a surgical manipulation, therefore it is performed only in a dental clinic. Before performing this procedure, it is not recommended to use anticoagulants and alcoholic beverages. The day before the removal of an extra unit, the doctor carefully analyzes the results of computed tomography or radiography.

Anesthesia with removal of superfine tooth

This procedure is very painful, so the patient is anesthetized. Anesthesia is selected based on the volume of surgical intervention, the general condition of the patient and his age.

When the removal of the supercomplete tooth is performed in a child no older than 10 years, it is preferable to make general anesthesia, especially with traumatic intervention. In the event that a person has nervous disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is mandatory to extract the unnecessary dental unit in the clinic under general anesthesia. Local anesthesia is shown to children from 10-12 years old, and even in those cases when the operation is not too complicated.

Before removing the supercomplete tooth, the dentist first performs a cut in the area of its location. As a result, the mucosal-periostal flap exfoliates. Then the dentist performs the removal of an unnecessary dental unit.

The dentist, arising after extraction, the dentist, if necessary, fills with bone artificial material. Then he puts in place an exfoliated flap and gently sews everything up.

The patient returns home the same day. Of course, within a few weeks he will have to be observed by a specialist. To avoid postoperative complications, prescribe an antibiotic. To accelerate the healing of the hole, it is recommended to rinse the oral cavity with antiseptics, for example, chamomile broth or furacilin.