The second signal system in human activity

The second signal system is inherent in man and is a system of speech signals, a form of higher nervous activity. Still IP Pavlov put forward the notion of differences in the work of the brain of man and animals. Thus, the development of the first signal system is inherent in animals, since their brain responds only to sound, visual and other stimuli. Man besides this has the ability to generalize the signals of the first system by a word. This ability provides a person with an opportunity to navigate in the world around him. The process of generalization arises as a result of the formation of a system of conditioned connections, and depends on their number and nature.

The second signal system Was formed in the process of evolution under the influence of communication with other people, therefore the social factor plays an important role here. So, social behavior plays a huge role in human behavior.

It should be noted that three parts of the cerebral cortex participate in speech formation: the motor analyzer, auditory and visual.

The auditory analyzer begins to form first , it is located on the back of the left temporal gyrus. If this department is disturbed by any pathology, the possibility of perceiving the meanings of words is lost, but the ability to perceive sounds in the form of separate words is preserved. Since this analyzer is connected to the other two departments by analyzers, the ability to read and write is also lost.

The motor analyzer is located in the lower part of the central gyrus. With his defeat, paralysis of motor speech muscles occurs, which leads to a loss of ability to pronounce words.

The second human signal system is the result of the activity of the cerebral cortex. Her work is related to the activity of the first signal system and receives reinforcement in it, therefore it regulates the life of a person, controlling his emotions.

The device of reproduction of speech is connected with formation of communications of the centers of speech with motor zones. The motor activity plays an important role , for example, the coordinated movements of the fingers. That is why, by developing such coordinated actions, it is possible to accelerate the process of formation and development of speech.

We can say that The second signal system shows the first signs of its development already in the first year of human life. In the past, sensory mechanisms of speech are formed that promote the perception of words, then motor mechanisms that are associated with the ability to speak are developed. As the cerebral hemispheres mature, the mobility and strength of the nervous processes improve, which facilitates the formation of conditioned connections associated with the ripening of the associative pathways that unite the cortical centers of the brain. Also, for the formation of speech, a mature peripheral apparatus is needed - the tongue, the muscles of the lips and the larynx, the soft palate and their joint activity. These organs provide the ability to pronounce articulate sounds, that is, articulation.

In this way, The second signal system does not develop without a developed peripheral apparatus.

It is customary to distinguish between external speech, written and internal. External speech is a means of communication of people, it is built in such a way that it is understandable for the listener. Speech internal is directed at itself, it plays a role in the development of thinking. Self-consciousness and consciousness. Written speech is expressed in the ability to write and read, it is closely related to the speech of the inner.

In this way, The first and second signal systems allow the person to perceive the world around him through sensory organs and words. The development and functioning of the second signal system is the result of the work of the cerebral cortex, in particular, of its large hemispheres.