The risk of MTR 4 degrees - what is it? Hypertonic disease. Cardiovascular complications

This article will consider the risk of MTR 4 degrees. What it is, it becomes clear.

Degrees of hypertension

MTR are considered as complications of the cardiovascular system. These include hypertension. The hypertensive crisis (sharply increased blood pressure) in patients can develop, regardless of the stage of hypertension. Often hypertensive crisis is accompanied by flies in the eyes, nausea, severe headaches throbbing, sharp dizziness. When a hypertensive crisis occurs, you should call an ambulance immediately. There are several degrees of severity of the disease. Let us consider them in more detail.

1 degree (easy)

The first stage is characterized by constant pressure jumps, it first rises, and then comes back to normal on its own. The first stage of hypertension is most often due to severe disturbances, with nervous overstrains caused by stress hormones. With hypertension 1 degree, the pressure often rises to 140-159 / 90-99 mmHg.

There is a risk of MTR 4 degrees. What this is, will be discussed below.

2 degree (moderate)

For hypertension of the 2nd degree, a pressure increase up to 160-179 / 100-109 mm Hg is characteristic. Art. This stage of the disease is characterized by the fact that arterial pressure is much less likely to return to normal on its own. Moreover, periods of normal pressure indices do not last long. This stage of hypertension usually begins with headaches. Including the possible occurrence of compressive or stitching pain in the heart, which is given to the left arm.

3 degree (heavy)

At stage 3 of hypertension there is a pressure of 180 per 110 mm Hg. Art. and higher. It is characterized by a stably elevated blood pressure and with a decrease in indices a person feels weak. As a rule, this stage is characterized by impaired functioning of the heart, brain or kidneys. It is also possible the appearance of memory impairment, pain in the chest, poor concentration and other symptoms.

That's what hypertension is. Symptoms and treatment are discussed at the end of the article.

Hypertension: risks

Who can develop the disease of the cardiovascular system? The following factors increase the risk of developing hypertension: genetic predisposition, chronic fatigue, sedentary lifestyle. Treatment of the cardiovascular system is 3 times more likely for people with less mobility than active people. What are the risks of developing hypertension?

• Stress. In most cases, hypertension causes an increase in the level of the stress hormone - adrenaline. This hormone in the process of affecting the body narrows the lumen of the blood vessels. The result is an increase in the load on the heart, because the heart muscle ejects more blood and increases pressure on the walls of the vessels.
• Smoking. Often doctors treat hypertension of smokers. In patients with hypertension who can not quit smoking, stroke and myocardial infarction are 50-70% more common.
• Diabetes. The degree of risk of MTR is of interest to many. With insufficient isolation of the hormone insulin, there is a metabolic disorder in the body. This as a result can cause on the artery wall the deposition of a fat-like substance, cholesterol, leading to the formation of plaques of atherosclerotic and atherosclerosis.
• Obesity. The risk of MTR of 4th degree (what it is, we will consider below) arises most often because of excess weight. Inside the vessels and on the surface of the organs, fat can be deposited. These accumulations narrow the artery, resulting in a violation of blood flow in it. On the cardiovascular system, as a result, there is an increased load, bulging, thinning, and the walls of blood vessels may break, which can lead to a stroke or a heart attack.
  
• Reception of tablets. This includes the use of drugs that reduce appetite, oral contraceptives of high-hormonal, anti-inflammatory drugs and some other medicines. More often, hypertension develops in women aged, smokers and overweight, taking oral contraceptives. If you have symptoms of cardiovascular disease, you should consult a cardiologist or gynecologist about the need to stop taking hormones.
• Excessive salt intake. The water balance in the body is regulated by sodium. If you consume large amounts of salty foods or salt, excess sodium and excess fluid are retained in the body, increase pressure and create swelling. In high doses, salt can lead to increased pressure. Then the diagnosis is "hypertensive disease".
• High cholesterol. Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood cause deposits on the walls of the vessels of atherosclerotic plaques. Over time, the lumen artery becomes narrower, and the number of plaques increases, resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. Under the influence of this disease, the vessels of the large and small circles of the circulation of blood are affected.
• Climax. Hormones of the sex glands with age have a significant effect. This is called menopausal hypertension. During postmenopause, women can be prescribed hormone replacement therapy in the event that there was no hypertension when taking COC. However, this does not eliminate the need to monitor blood pressure.
• Age. People with age have a risk of MTR 4 degrees. What is it, we will tell further. Elderly people from 50 years need more blood pressure therapy than young people, which is associated with the deterioration of their cardiovascular system and frequent exposure to atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.
• Disrupted work of the endocrine and nervous systems. In the adjustment of blood pressure, one of the most important roles is played by hormones. The greatest impact has hormones of the pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. To make a hormonal analysis is when the blood test showed a normal level of cholesterol. Hypertensive illness can be caused by hormones, if relatives of SSSs were not. When the diagnosis of hypertension is approved, the specialist will also indicate for the next 10 years the risk of stroke or heart attack. There are four degrees of risk, depending on the stage of hypertension and the possibility of its development.

Low (1st) degree of risk

Complications in patients with 1 group of risk of hypertension occur in less than 15% of cases. This group includes patients without the above risk factors.

Average (2nd) degree of risk

The second level of risk indicates hypertension of the 2nd degree, and complications in these patients occur in 15-20% of cases. If one or two of the indicators described above are present, the patients of the first stage are also referred to the second risk group.

High (3rd) degree of risk

Is disability prepared for hypertension? We'll figure it out.

This group includes patients with severe disease. Even if risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity and others, are absent in patients with hypertension of grade 3, they fall into the third risk group. This indicates that a stroke or a heart attack can occur with a probability of 20-30%. Hypertension 3 degree may be in patients with the first or second stage of the disease in the presence of a large number of the above listed risk factors. Often the presence of hypertension with a risk of level 3 may mean the development of a patient's renal or heart failure.

Very high (4th) degree of risk

The probability of a heart attack or stroke within 10 next years is more than 30% in patients with hypertension 4 degrees. 4 patients with diabetes mellitus, smokers or other factors from the list above are exposed to the level of risk in patients with hypertension of grade 3. The greater the number of indicators, the more likely a stroke or heart attack is. Disability in hypertension in severe stages can be formalized.

Clinical Associated States

• The defeat of the vessels of the fundus (edema of the optic nerve, hemorrhage).
• Disorders of the heart (shortness of breath, chest pain).
• Vascular diseases (protrusion of the walls of the vessels, exfoliation of the aorta).
• Diseases of the brain (memory impairment, dizziness, headaches, circulatory disorders).
• Failures in kidney function (edema of limbs, small urine formation).

Very dangerous hypertension. Symptoms and treatment are often interrelated.

Treatment of hypertension

What are the main principles of therapy? Assigning on a regular basis drugs that reduce blood pressure. Also, medications with prolonged action, which are enough to drink once a day.

Treatment for cardiovascular disease is successful in the following cases:

• When adjusting the power. If there is any stage of hypertension, the patient should follow the diet. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of sweet, flour and fatty foods, because according to statistics most often the cardiovascular system suffers from fat people. For the preservation of vascular health, you also need to limit salt intake. In the dish you can add spices and herbs to make them less fresh. Nutrition for hypertension (increased blood pressure) should be carefully thought out.
• Refusal of cigarettes. On a healthy vessel, blood cells, erythrocytes, move freely enough freely, because it is quite wide. In smokers, the lumen of the vein or artery narrows, which leads to the clumping of red blood cells, resulting in lumps that settle on the walls of the arteries or veins and interfere with blood circulation. Over time, the artery and blood vessels become clogged, which will lead to a fatal outcome. If blood circulation in the coronary arteries, feeding the heart vessels, develops heart failure. The statistics says that if you quit smoking, treatment with arterial hypertension medications is much more effective.
• Reduced anxiety. Cardiovascular complications develop due to stress. It has already been mentioned above that the release of adrenaline, that is, the influence of hormones, is a fairly frequent cause of vasospasm. For the proper operation of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to not be nervous about small things. At the leadership positions, the risk of hypertension is much higher, because there are more stresses, which is a scientifically grounded fact.
• Exercise. If the work is sedentary, then during the treatment it is necessary to gradually increase the physical load. Heart muscle is helped to train regular physical education classes. In people unprepared, dyspnea appears and the heart rate increases at the slightest load, resulting in increased blood pressure. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of hypertension, you need to give daily 10-15 minutes to physical exercises.
• The level of potassium. The microelement of potassium promotes normal functioning of the heart, or more precisely regulates the contractions of the heart muscle. Including it is involved in the formation of electrical pulses in the maintenance of the heart rhythm. The normal rhythm of a healthy adult is 60-75 beats / min. If there is not enough potassium in the body, there is an arrhythmia, violations of the heart rhythm of contractions. It is necessary to increase the consumption of dried fruits: apricot, peach dried apricots, dried cherries, prunes, raisins for heart health and increasing the effectiveness of SSS treatment.
• The use of vitamins C and E. C is a vitamin for strengthening the walls of arteries and other blood vessels, and E promotes an increase in their elasticity. To treat the vascular system and preserve vascular health, it is necessary to consume raw fruits and vegetables. Antioxidants help to maintain and short heat treatment. Nutrition in hypertension (high blood pressure) plays an important role.

Hypertensive crisis: first aid

If a person has developed symptoms of hypertensive crisis, you should:

• Calm down and interrupt physical activity. Lie down or sit with a raised head, measure blood pressure.
• With high blood pressure or, if this is the first time a hypertensive crisis occurs, you should immediately call an ambulance.
• Measure blood pressure every 20-30 minutes, making entries in the diary.
• If this hypertensive crisis is repeated and you already know the drugs that help, you should try to lower your blood pressure yourself by taking the medicines recommended by your doctor in case the blood pressure rises sharply.

What else is the first aid for hypertensive crisis?

• You can use drugs from the home medicine chest, which quickly act: "Clofelin" 0.075 mg, "Nifedepine" 10 mg, "Captopril" 25 mg.
• It is better if the pressure decreases gradually and normalizes in 2-6 hours, which depends on the initial level. After an hour, if the pressure remains high, more than 180/100 mm of mercury, you need to drink again the medicine.
• When angina occurs (retrosternal pain) take nitroglycerin under the tongue (pill or spray). If necessary, the reception is repeated several times until the pain stops. Angina, lasting more than half an hour after taking nitroglycerin, may be a sign of myocardial infarction.

First aid for hypertensive crisis should be provided immediately.

• When there is a feeling of fear or nervous excitement before the crisis or against its background, it is necessary to take a sedative (Valocordinum, Valeriana tincture or Corvalol).
• Obsolete or ineffective means, such as "Dibazol", "No-shpy", "Papazal", "Drotaverina", "Baralgina", "Spazmalgona" and other improvised means do not need to be used. This will only worsen the condition and will tighten the hypertensive crisis.
• Elderly BP patients can not be drastically reduced in a short period of time. Dizziness, drowsiness, and weakness can be signs of insufficient blood supply to the brain, which can lead to a stroke.
  
• First aid should be promptly called, if this is the first occurrence of a hypertensive crisis; There were symptoms of retrosternal pain, dizziness, severe dyspnea, heart failure, weakness, limb movement; The hypertensive crisis was delayed after taking medication.

When you manage to cope with the help of emergency doctors or yourself with hypertensive crisis, you should always consult a cardiologist or a therapist.

After all, hypertension is very dangerous. Risk 4 - in particular.