The Patriotic War is ... How many domestic wars was in the history of Russia

When, during the war, the whole people stand up for the defense of the Motherland, regardless of estate and property status, it is called domestic. In other words, the domestic war is when the people are fighting for their country, for its independence and liberation from the invaders not under compulsion, but based on their convictions and moral principles.

How many wars in Russia are considered domestic

In Russia, the first national war was named with Napoleon. By official decrees, two wars have become a national status:

1. Patriotic War of 1812.
2. The Great Patriotic War.

And in 1812, and in 1945, the people of Russia defeated the enemy, defended the independence of their state. Russian troops paraded in Paris in 1814. The same triumph was in Berlin in 1945. These victories have cost the country and its people a tremendous strain.

In addition to the enormous amount of money and material resources that went into these wars, the greatest loss was the loss of thousands (1812-1814) and millions (1941-1945) of people. Despite this, Russia defended its statehood, and as a result of these victories it became a great influential world power.

Napoleon's attack on Russia

The war between Russia and France after 1810 was inevitable for many geopolitical reasons, but a formal basis for its beginning was the violation of the Treaty of Tilsit. It began on August 12, 1812, when Napoleon's troops captured the Russian fortress of Kovno. The first clash occurred the next day. The strength of the advancing army was 240,000 men.

The Russian military were not taken aback by this attack, since offensive and defensive plans for war with Napoleon's troops were considered since 1810. The first rebuff to the advancing Napoleon was provided by the troops of the 1st and 2nd armies. The first army was led by Barclay de Tolly, and the second by Bagration. The total number of soldiers of these armies was 153,000, with 758 guns in service.

Partisan war as part of the domestic

One of the forms of military resistance to the troops of Napoleon was the partisan movement. By decision of the leadership of the Russian army, mobile detachments were created that successfully operated in the rear of the enemy. But alone, without the support of the population, they could not carry out their tasks. The support of the people proved that resistance to Napoleon is a real Patriotic War. This was also proved by the people's militia-the peasants who took part in the battles, and those who provided the guerrilla and the Russian army with provisions and fodder.

Peasants in all ways sabotaged the orders and requests of the French. They refused to supply them with food - they burned all their supplies so that they would not get to the enemy. They set fire to their houses, and then left for the forest and joined partisan detachments. Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, who participated in the partisan movement:

• Seslavin Alexander Nikitich;
• Denis Vasilyevich Davydov;
• Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov;
• Alexander Samoilovich Figner.

Briefly about the war of 1812

At first, the French army captured the Russian positions. When the command of the Russian army was headed by Mikhail Kutuzov, a strategy was developed that allowed the enemy to be defeated. Retreat for Moscow allowed to preserve a battle-worthy army and stop Napoleon's advance further into Russia.

The well-known Tarutin maneuver of Kutuzov - retreat for Moscow after the Battle of Borodino and the stopping of the army camp in Tarutino - made it possible to reverse the course of the war. Tarutino battle was the first major operation of the Russians, which brought an unquestionable victory. During the years of the Patriotic War, there were about ten large-scale battles that affected its course:

• At the Cave Marsh;
• Under the Red;
• For Smolensk;
• At Valutina Mountain;
• Near Borodino;
• In Tarutino;
• Near Maloyaroslavets.

The war with the Napoleonic troops ended in May 1814 after the capitulation of Paris and the signing of a peace treaty. The Russian army held a parade in Paris. However, this is no longer a domestic war, it is one of the stages of the liberation of Europe. A Patriotic War of 1812 , according to the published manifesto of Alexander I, was finished after the battle on November 14-16 near the river Berezina. The war of 1812 is both a manifestation of the courage of the military, and the wise strategy of the military commanders, and the feat of the whole people, all the forces resisting the enemy.

The Great Patriotic War

Germany, not paying attention to the peace treaty concluded in the 39th year, in June violated the territorial borders of the Soviet Union. On June 22, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 began. Hitler's plans envisaged a blitzkrieg - a lightning offensive and the seizure of the USSR for several months. Hitler used such tactics since the 39th year, which allowed him to capture half of Europe.

However, in the battles with the Soviet troops this tactic did not justify itself. Although in the first years of the Russian war (1941-1942) the German army was able to conquer significant territories, but this did not correspond in any way to the "Barbarossa" plan. This plan provided for the end of hostilities by the end of 1941, and Russia, by that time, was to disappear forever from the political map of the world.

The Soviet people showed that the Great Patriotic War is truly a people's war. The unprecedented heroism of the military made it difficult for the German troops to move eastward. In turn, partisan detachments fettered the Wehrmacht's large forces, made it difficult to bring food and ammunition. These factors made it possible to slow the offensive as much as possible, build up the military potential, and reverse the course of the war.

The manifestation of Soviet heroism during the war

The Great Patriotic War revealed the best qualities in Soviet people. Readiness for self-denial for the sake of their Motherland and courage - these qualities have become not an exception, but a norm. Heroes of the Patriotic War are millions of people. Over 11 thousand people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In the period 1941-1945. Was awarded about 38 million orders and medals. A significant part was awarded posthumously.

Many books describe the exploits of the Patriotic War, many films have been shot, which show the acts of heroism of Soviet soldiers and partisans. One of the brightest examples of courage are:

• The exploit of Matrosov. He closed his enemy bunker with his body and allowed his unit to carry out a combat mission.
• The feat of Gastello. Nikolai Frantsevich did not jump out of the burning plane, but sent him into the thick of enemy troops and equipment.
• The feat of Catherine Zelenko. During the battle, when her plane was left without fuel, she went to the ram and shot down the enemy fighter.

Chronology of hostilities

Since the beginning of hostilities, Soviet troops have been fighting defensively and had to retreat. In late 1942 - early 1943, I managed to take the initiative in battles for myself. The Stalingrad and Kursk battles turned out to be turning battles. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Was remembered by such events on the territory of the USSR:

• June 22, 1941 - treacherous invasion of the German troops.
• From June to September 1941, Minsk, Vilnius, Riga, Talin, and Kiev were captured.
• From July 10 to September 10, 1941, the Smolensk battle continued.
• September 1941-27 January 1944 the blockade of Leningrad continued.
• September 1941-April 1942 - German troops led offensive on the outskirts of Moscow.
• From mid-July 1942 to February 1943, the battle for Stalingrad (the Battle of Stalingrad) continued.
• July 1942-October 1943 - The battle for the Caucasus.
• In July-August 1943, a major tank battle took place (the Battle of Kursk).
• From August to October 1943 the Smolensk offensive operation lasted.
• The end of September 1943 - the crossing of the Dnieper.
• In November 1943, Kiev was liberated.
• On March 1, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was completely lifted.
• In April 1944 the Crimea was liberated.
• In July 1944 Minsk was liberated.
• In September-November 1944 the Baltic republics were liberated.

Restoration of borders and victory

By the end of 1944, the territory of the Soviet Union was restored to the extent that they were before the German attack. After that, hostilities began in the territories of European countries captured by German troops. After their liberation, in 1945 an offensive began on the territory of Germany. The final victory in the Great Patriotic War came after the German command signed an act of surrender on May 8.

The Patriotic War, which showed the courage and perseverance of the Soviet people, gave many moral lessons. The victory in this war allowed the USSR not only to defend its independence, but also to become the leading geopolitical player on the world stage.