The outflow of capital is the cause. Capital outflow - statistics

The problem of exporting capital is an urgent topic for countries with developing economies. The outflow of money from the country almost always has one goal - to get a higher income in another country.

Capital outflow: causes

In order to understand how an outflow of capital flows, it is necessary to identify the reasons for the export of funds:

1. The lack of a proportionate ratio between capital and its demand, which leads to excessive accumulation of finance. Therefore, it would be more rational to transport it to where there is a demand for it and there is an opportunity to get good dividends.
2. Lack of competitors for products from the host country.
3. The cheaper resources needed to make a particular product.
4. Favorable economic and political climate in the host country.

If several decades ago, countries were divided into those who import and export capital, in today's realities one country can immediately be both an exporter and a host.

Types of capital flows

The outflow of capital can To divide into two types, depending on the source of funds.

State capital

Monetary resources of this kind are in the possession of the state. The government or interstate organizations themselves decide when, where and how to invest finance. This can be loans, loans with subsequent profits in the form of interest for use or international financial assistance.

Private capital

This branch differs from the state that any private person or companies can import money from their own funds, which does not control the state on the territory of their country. But control of money resources is the responsibility of the government abroad, if they were not hidden from power. This can be, for example, investment in overseas production of something, the opening of its own firm, interbank relations that are of an investment nature.

Capital outflow statistics

The outflow of capital from the Russian Federation, according to statistics, after the previous year is declining. This situation is quite justified, and it would be logical to link the outflow of capital with the economic situation in the country and the stabilization of the ruble exchange rate.

According to the forecasts of the Central Bank, the outflow of capital from the country for 2015 will average $ 118 billion, with a plus or minus $ 10 billion.

According to the data, compared with the outflow of capital for the first three months of last year, this year there is a positive trend. It amounted to $ 33 billion, in contrast to $ 47.7 billion for 2014, this is almost 1.5 times less. And these indicators will decrease. So, in 2016 it is planned to export money for the amount of $ 87 billion, and in 2017 - $ 80 billion.

In the beginning of the spring of this year, the head of the department, Alexei Ulyukaev, noted that as long as sanctions continue to be maintained by Western countries, the outflow of capital will continue.

Remittances in 2014 amounted to a record high of $ 150 billion, compared to $ 61 billion in 2013. The central bank, guided by the cost of one barrel of oil, predicts that the import of money this year will be about $ 120 billion. And if the price of The global oil market will fall to a critical $ 40 for 159 liters of oil, that is, an option to increase the capital outflow to $ 130 billion. If you look at the outflow of capital, statistics show a direct link between the cost of oil and export of finance.

Sometimes you can hear that in fact there is no export of money abroad, but there is only a concealment from paying taxes and, in the opinion of the exporters themselves, the finances return after a certain time.

For countries with developing economies, the situation is quite typical when both the outflow of capital and the importation of money are simultaneously taking place. This is affected by disproportionate taxation between foreign offshore companies and domestic investors. Another reason may be just a banal money laundering.

Is it necessary to fight the outflow of capital and how?

Most experts naturally believe that the main reason for the outflow of capital is in the low attractiveness of investments in the domestic producer in comparison with the foreign one. In order to understand where, in your home country or abroad, it is more profitable to invest money, you need to take into account the level of taxation, the economic condition of the country, the stability of the currency exchange rate and so on.

It is advisable to draw a parallel between the export of capital and the evasion of the population from monetary investments in their own business in the country. And while abroad there will be more attractive conditions for investment, the investor will not be able to force to invest in the local economy.

As it was said above, the outflow of capital can be connected with the laundering of money obtained by criminal means, or unpaid taxes. All this illegal activity arouses the interest of state agencies in combating crime and increases the control over the export of capital.

Reasons for the consequences of capital flight

The flight of capital from the country is for her a serious economic loss. First of all, the state loses its financial resources, which itself has developed. The money that could be invested in domestic production, raising the country's economic stability, "swim" abroad.

The supply of currency on the Moscow stock exchange is lowered to a minimum, which entails the establishment of an unrealistic ruble exchange rate relative to the foreign currency. If that part of the money resources that were exported to neighboring countries were returned back, it would increase the money supply and stabilize the ruble exchange rate.

The lack of necessary monetary resources negatively affects the level of employment in the country.

The lack of a real amount of money undermines the ability to cover Russia's main external debt and does not allow paying interest on it.

Export of capital appears to be a normal process at the state level, regulated by the government at the level of export of goods and services and creation of jobs. But when this volume exceeds all permissible rates, as it was in 2014, this completely shows the decline of the economic situation in the country, where the opportunity to invest in a domestic producer of goods and services is lost.

The more money is exported abroad, the more difficult it will be to resist it. And the solution to this problem is not limited to administrative measures alone. It is necessary to create such conditions for investing in our country that will encourage depositors to develop the state's economy, create additional jobs, and not enrich the foreign countries.