The invention of photography and cinematography: the date. The history of photography in brief

Like painting, the history of photography and cinematography began with a simple desire of a person to capture the moments of his life, save them for a long time and pass on to the next generations. Having received the opportunity to accurately reproduce images on paper or film, these two directions have developed in art. Photographers, for example, did not limit themselves to create a picture that simply conveys information about the appearance of the model. Photography began to receive a certain message, an idea, to convey the character of the model, the mood of the moment. So in the cinema: since the animation lasting a few seconds, the direction has developed quite rapidly, and today the cinema has great opportunities, up to the construction of stories about extraterrestrial civilizations and magical worlds. The invention of photography and cinematography marked a series of discoveries and stunning works in the art world, however, besides this, photos and videos densely entered the life of modern man. Today, the processes of receiving and processing photographs, shooting and processing video for everyday use have become so simple that they do not require special training and do not take a long time. How did the history of the invention of photography begin? How did the cinematography develop?

The appearance of the first photographic images

How to get clear pictures of the world? This question was asked by the great minds of past ages. The success was the appearance of a so-called pinhole camera, which made it possible to obtain a fairly accurate display of objects from the outside world, with which the invention of photography began. The date, the century of the first attempt to capture a person, to make an instant display of it in the picture, is not exactly known, but Leonardo Da Vinci became the first person to notice the unusual light displays of objects. Somewhat later, Giovanni Porta constructed models of obscura cameras, which were used to transfer the contours of the model to the canvas manually. Being a prototype of a modern camera, the camera, alas, did not give such opportunities, which later gave humanity a camera. The moment when the dream of getting an image with the help of technology approached, when a number of discoveries were made related to photosensitivity and special properties of chemical elements that allowed to transfer and fix the image.

The first snapshot in history

The year of the invention of the photo was 1839, when the French inventor Louis Jacques Mandet Daguer published the result of the works on fixing the image obtained with a pinhole camera on paper. In parallel, along with him, Henry Fox Talbot and Joseph Nisefort Niepce worked on the discovery and production of the first images. It was Niepce who in 1826 received the first fixed reflection and the prototype image. Cooperating together and signing the contract, Daguerre and Niepce begin work on obtaining photographic shots. The result was a daguerreotype - obtaining sufficiently clear images on metal plates with a layer of silver iodide by means of mercury vapor. Since then, some time has passed before the daguerreotype developed in the direction of stereophotography. The inventors encountered a number of problems: these are financial losses and misunderstandings of others, what will really be useful invention of photography. How did the development of photography go on in the future?

Development process

The turning point in the history of photography is the invention of negatives. This opened up new possibilities: now with the help of a photographic negative it was possible to enlarge the pictures and copy them, and it was then that the modern invention of photography took place literally. The date of this remarkable event - 1841 - is the receipt by the British inventor William Henry Fox Talbot of a patent for the method of calotypy - the receipt of a paper negative with the subsequent manifestation of a positive image on chlorine silver paper. A number of successive discoveries: the wet collodion process of developing a developing emulsion, work on photographic materials and the invention of film in 1887 is a rapid process of development and simplification of the process of creating a photograph. The end of the 19th century gave mankind the opportunity to obtain a relatively quick and simple photographic picture, and, undoubtedly, the very invention of photography was a turning point in the history of art.

Add brightness!

The first photographic photograph taken in color was obtained with the help of three apparatuses. James Clarke Maxwell began experiments with color images, and the results of his work on shooting using color filters of red, blue and green colors struck the society. The work was based on the discovery, which said that a combination of these three colors can give any necessary shade. However, before the invention of color photography was far: the process remained too time-consuming. At the beginning of the 20th century, photographers everywhere used the method of colorizing black and white images, but the actual invention of color photography became a reality with the invention of color photographic film in 1935. A year later, 35 mm color film was on sale, and then came the boom of color photography, which is much more affordable for the average consumer.

From "film" to "number"

It seems, what else is there to dream about? The invention of photography is one of the greatest discoveries in history. But the man wanted to simplify even more the moment of obtaining and printing photographs. Partly the first success and the prototype of instant photo acquisition is the invention of the Polaroid camera, which instantly printed a photo on paper. But the process of working with similar cameras was complicated by the need to purchase special cassettes for pictures, as well as a limited number of images. But soon and here scientists announced their success, and a new, "digital" invention of photography took place. Date - 1975 - then the first camera was developed, which was able to take a picture and record an image on a magnetic cassette. The resolution of the first photograph was only 100 per 100 pixels, and the magnetic cassette had a weight of more than three kilograms! The first compact camera was the development of Sony under the name "Mavika", and then for the pioneer other developers were drawn. Companies competed in obtaining higher resolution, the ability to record photos as a separate file with the possibility of their further preservation. The real boom and widespread use of color digital cameras began in the late 20th century and early 21st century.

The Art of Photography

The invention of photography gave creative people a new opportunity for self-expression. Like painters, photographers experiment with composition and perspective, colors and lighting, trying to "catch" the best shot, and sometimes turn their picture into a real picture. Annie Leibovitz, Helen Levitt, Steve McCary, Erich Salomon - to list the names of famous photographers can be very long, and each of them became famous in a particular, closest genre of photography. At the moment, every person in the world can at least once try himself in the role of a photographer. Art requires great dedication and a certain idea, which the author wants to convey to his audience. Is it difficult to start shooting on your own?

Tips for Beginners

• To create an interesting picture, you need to focus on the composition that is built in the frame. To do this, you can learn the rules of composition, which are used in painting, or experiment, developing their own distinctive features of shooting.
• It's not worth chasing technology and striving to buy the most expensive and modern camera. The optimal for the beginner is the choice of a convenient device that allows you to get basic knowledge about photography, you can also experiment with materials, for example, by shooting objects with a film camera.
• The base that any photographer should operate freely is knowledge of the depth of field, light, composition, and work with the diaphragm. Later you can start creating with the help of the game of light and shadow, add various filters to work, and also learn how to master pictures in the appropriate programs.

The first film

The invention of photography is briefly described above in the article, but what about the history of the formation of cinematography? The inventors of the 19th century experimented with systems that would allow creating an animated record, and the Lumiere brothers became the first who succeeded in this matter. Demonstrating the first short video recordings of 35 mm format called "Train Arrival", "Exit the Factory", the pioneers of cinematography received public recognition and further opportunity to develop this art direction.

The development of cinematography

The turning point in the history of cinematography was the release of the film "The Jazz Singer" in 1927, when the film was filmed and voiced. Further development is the film "Gone with the Wind", shot in color, in 1939, and a full transition to color video shooting occurred already in the 60s of the 20th century. A relatively new direction in art has already been presented with amazing films in various genres. What else in the last century seemed completely impossible and unreal, today is embodied with the help of tricks and computer graphics. The creation of films involves a huge team of professionals who create the final product. The best films of all time are rightly recognized as "Nosferatu" (1922, directed by F. Murnau), "Seven Samurai" (1954, directed by A. Kurosawa), "Pulp Fiction" (1994, directed by K. Tarantino), "Apocalypse Now" (2003, directed by F. F. Coppola) and many other films.

Development prospects

It is worth noting that now the cinema is in search of new solutions for the presentation of ideas and stories, develops artistic solutions and methods of computer processing. An important problem of modern cinema is the problem of copyright and piracy, the free distribution of the finished product on the Internet. What will the cinematography surprise in the future and what levers will be invented to manage the product of art? Only time can answer these questions.