The concept and types of taxes

The state influences the economy through various economic levers. Taxes can be called one of the main levers through which economic regulation of the economy is carried out. Accordingly, different types of taxes are used for the best implementation of this regulatory function.

It is important to note that the development of the country's economy is not possible without certain financial institutions, which also include the taxation system. Given the importance of this economic structure, it can be said that the essence of taxation lies in the correct and uninterrupted functioning of all levers of power and society, which can be achieved with the achievement of a well-developed taxation system. That is why the essence and Types of taxes play a significant role in the life of the whole country. If we consider the economic essence of taxes, then it is without a doubt that taxes characterize monetary relations within the country, received funds, from which come to the disposal of the state and are sent for compulsory needs.

So, let's see what kinds of taxes exist. The main classification can begin with the separation of all taxes into indirect and direct. Direct taxes are a tax on property or income of a taxpayer (legal entities and individuals). Indirect, naportiv, paid by the consumer and represent various kinds of premiums on goods or services, which consumers use.

When carrying out various labor or economic activities, different types of taxes are envisaged. Everything depends on the nature of this or that tax and on what concept and Types of taxes are embedded in this or that definition.

So, one of the most basic is the system of income taxation, namely the accrual of income tax or income of both legal entities and individuals. In this case, a tax on the profit of a firm, enterprise or organization is levied from a legal entity. If we talk about commercial organizations, for example, commercial banks, they pay income tax.

Do not lose sight of them and the property of taxpayers, for which tax is also charged. This is due to the fact that the value of property can in some way affect the profit of the enterprise. The same type of taxation can be attributed to the tax on natural resources, which can also affect the profit, and hence the income tax (income tax). Natural resources include land, water, forest and much more. Accordingly, and taxes are levied on the basis of the destination, namely: land tax, tax on forest income, payment for water in a certain area, etc.

Land tax was not always levied in Russia, land tax came into use in 1992, and this was due to the fact that free land use caused damage not only to the economy of the country, but also to certain types of economic activity. And payment for water, as a rule, there are industrial enterprises that use this resource for production purposes.

As for individuals, the main tax in this category is income tax. Its essence lies in the fact that based on the amount of income, the tax increases or decreases in proportion to the amount of income. This makes it possible to use these funds for various social programs. For this category of persons, the tax on property is also applied.

All of the above applies to direct taxes, and if you consider indirect types of taxes, the main here will be VAT (value-added tax) and various kinds of excises. These taxes are included in the cost of goods and services. At its core, VAT is the difference between cost and material costs attributed to the costs of the enterprise.