Tatar ASSR: education and history

The settlement of the territory of modern Tatarstan began about 90 thousand years ago, and the history of the development of the Tatar ethnos is more than a dozen centuries old. During this time the Tatar statehood passed in its development several stages: from the Volga Bulgaria to the numerous medieval khanates, the most vivid representative of which was the Golden Horde.

By the time of the formation of modern Tatarstan, writing changed from Turkic runic to Cyrillic. The number of Tatars within the boundaries of the later emerged Tatar ASSR was more than 1.5 million people. For those who believe that the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is a country, it will be useful to learn the history of its formation and formation. Let's take a look into the past and see how the selection of the republics began in the Soviet Union.

When was the Tatar ASSR formed?

During the seizure of power, the Bolsheviks took into account the national component and used local features in their work with national democratic organizations. After the establishment of Soviet power in Kazan in November 1917, the leadership of a young country reflected on the establishment of the Tatar republic.

In January 1920, a few years after the Bolsheviks came to power, the Politburo supported the formation of the Tatar republic. A little later the All-Russian Central Executive Committee announced the Decree of May 27, 1920, in which it established a new autonomy and determined the structure of the apparatus of state power in the future republic. It was necessary to create a CEC, which was supposed to tackle the election of deputies to the local Council and the Council of People's Commissars.

Republic Day

The day of the formation of the republic became on June 25, 1920, when the Kazan executive committee resigned from authority and transferred them to the Provisional Committee of the Tatar ASSR, which was to prepare a basis for the creation of the Constituent Congress of Soviets.

The name "Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" was sounded and fixed in official documents two years later, when in the end of December 1922 the USSR was founded. The newly formed Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic has become one of the regions of the Volga region with the most rapid economic development.

Celebrating the day of the formation of the Republic of Tatarstan

The Tatar ASSR was formed in the troubled years of severe shocks and tectonic shifts in the structure of the Russian state. There were many changes, and the appearance of the Tatar republic on June 25 of the 20th year of the last century was one of them.

On the eve, on June 18, the Politburo passed a resolution not only about the formation of the Tatar Soviet Republic, but also about the need to develop a plan for holding celebrations in connection with this. Within two days, the Kazan Executive Committee presented for discussion and approved the scheme for holding solemn events, which included the development of a monument to the singer of the revolution from the Tatar people Mulanuru Vakhitova and the laying of the national theater. Also, measures were taken to organize the parade and distribute the increased ration to the population.

Finally, on June 25, a joint meeting of the Kazan Council with the party and trade union authorities took place, during which the provincial committee delegated the authority to manage the region to the revolutionary committee. Preparations for the celebration were not in vain. Kazan, designated as the capital of the newly created republic, was decorated and had a festive appearance. It was fun - the troops held a parade, workers - Saturday.

The republic's education day was celebrated as solemnly as possible in other settlements of the region. Bugulma noted the parade of the garrison quartered in the city. In Chistopol and Tetyushs, the significance of the moment was emphasized by numerous rallies and demonstrations in which the majority of the city's population participated. Maybe voluntarily, but who knows?

In full accordance with the Soviet tradition, originating from those times, the committee received welcoming and thankful telegrams from the workers.

Tatar ASSR: districts and cities

Created by the committee, the committee conducted a territorial division and determined the boundaries of the Tatarstan. The composition of the republic was largely determined in accordance with the national component. The territory was enriched by counties with the Tatar population, which used to belong to other provinces. Using the economic criterion, the territory of the TASSR can be divided into the following regions:

• Prevolzhsky.
• South-Eastern and North-Eastern Transcaucasia.
• Western Zakamye.
• Western and Eastern Precam.
• Northwest.

The appearance and development of the oil, chemical and energy industries were the favorable economic factors that the Tatar ASSR experienced. The cities of the republic grew. With the increase in population density and the growth of the working class, the process of building new cities and towns was launched. There appeared and flourished such cities as Naberezhnye Chelny, Yelabuga, Leninogorsk.

Legal status of the republic

The Tatar ASSR had a state-legal status, fixed by the Decree of May 27, 1920. Its official part proclaimed the intention of the RSFSR to create equality between all the republics, as well as the mechanism for dividing financial and technical means between regions from the common treasury. It was proclaimed that power would be concentrated in the hands of the working people and peasants. From the subsequent events we know that it was a beautiful, but not to the non-binding slogan of the party of power.

The structure of the authorities included the regional Soviets, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars. The created people's commissariats had considerable autonomy in their actions and were subordinated to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The military sphere was in charge of the Tatar Commissariat.

Foreign policy and trade remained under the responsibility of central power structures.

Establishment of autonomous authorities

The structure of state power in the autonomy was created in accordance with the Constitution adopted in the RSFSR. Branches of power were formed from the Council of People's Commissars elected in the Tatar ASSR, the CEC and many local Soviets.

The basis of the power apparatus were the commissariats that affect the management of all state spheres:

• Internal affairs.
• Financial.
• Agricultural.
• Enlightenment.
• Health and welfare.
• Justice.

Some of these commissariats were being repaired by the federal government, some retained autonomy in decisions and actions taken. After the creation of the Council of People's Commissars of the Tatar Republic, this organization exercised control over the commissariats within the sphere of influence of the republic.

Interaction with the RSFSR

At the initial stage of building relations between the RSFSR and the autonomous republics, the federal authorities tried to organize the interaction of hardware structures with the help of the institution of representations. At the All-Russian Central Executive Committee until November 6, 1920, the TASSR representative office functioned, which was abolished, and its functions and powers began to be performed by the representation at the People's Commissariat for Nationalities Affairs.

Since 1924, the Institute of Representation of all national republics, established at that time, began its work in the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee. Economic and financial relations developed through the Statute on the Tattorpredstavitelstvo.

The scope of activity of the TASSR representative office was not limited to the economy. Autonomy and the federal government interacted on a wide range of issues affecting socio-cultural, political and national aspects. In order that no one doubts that the Tatar ASSR is Russia, a number of actions were taken. The autonomy of the republic was limited in 1938, by adopting resolution No. 2575, which liquidated the TASSR representation in Moscow.

Participation of the Tatar Republic in the Great Patriotic War

For the whole country, the war period was hard and exhausting. The Tatar ASSR was no exception. During the Great Patriotic War, the male population was mobilized to repulse the aggressor. At the beginning of the war, most of the agricultural machinery was transferred to meet the needs of the army. Despite extremely hard working conditions, the villages of Tatarstan produced and supplied food to the front.

A lot of TASSR plants, both on its territory and originally evacuated, rebuilt production for the production of weapons and military equipment. The motor-building and aircraft-building enterprises, which produce military products, were launched.

On the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan there functioned the 22nd plant where the founder of the Pe-2 and Pe-8 Vladimir Petlyakov was acting as the chief designer, as well as the design bureau that created the jet engines.

Tatarstan, supplying the needs of the front, produced a huge number of military products, including: shells and cartridges, armored trains and boats, components for Katyusha and communication equipment.

We should not forget about the number of evacuated citizens brought from the occupied and destroyed territories of the Soviet Union. Only in Kazan population in the war years increased by 100 thousand people.