Systemic insecticides: what is it, the mechanism of action, the list of the best and their description

Before the gardener collects the long-awaited harvest, he will have to face many pests that degrade the quality and reduce the number of fruits. Unfortunately, not only fruit crops, but also decorative ones, are subject to annual attacks. Insects feed on leaves, plant juice, which significantly spoils the appearance of the plant. In addition, if the infection is severe, the tree may even die.

To save crops and attractive appearance of ornamental plants, systemic insecticides are used, which significantly reduce the population of garden pests. In this case, depending on the active substance, they can have an effect on one or several species of insects.

A nice bonus is that an insecticide system of a certain kind can help get rid of weeds. Herbicides penetrate into the plant and burn it with the root. When using, it is important to avoid hitting the garden.

Types of insecticides in chemical composition

Insecticide system is developed in chemical laboratories based on organic substances. Their toxicity allows poisoning insects, affecting the digestive system and sensory organs. The most common are the following types of insecticides of systemic action:

1. Organochlorine insecticides are obtained by chlorination of liquid hydrocarbons. They are produced in the form of powders and oil emulsions. Guaranteed insect death occurs within 7 days after treatment of the plant by affecting its nervous system. Despite the effectiveness, they have a huge drawback - high toxicity for humans and the environment. At present, they are practically not used.
2. Organophosphate preparations are ethereal alcohols of orthophosphoric acid. To the merits can be attributed a wide range of action - the substance destroys the majority of insects. Of the deficiencies noted toxicity to humans, so when spraying, use protective gloves and a mask.
3. Pyrethroids are aimed at damaging the nervous system of an insect, resulting in death. Are completely safe for humans and animals. Their disadvantage is that with prolonged use they can be addictive in insects, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of drugs.

Systemic insecticides are popular due to their ease of use and high efficiency, but require some security measures from the person.

Classification by the method of penetration into the body

A systemic insecticide is able to enter the insect's body in various ways. Some drugs are capable of combining several methods. The types of penetration are as follows:

1. The contact-system insecticide gets inside the insect through contact with the surface of the body. Such drugs remain effective until the first rain. From the shortcomings of gardeners note the absence of action on the larvae of insects.
2. Intestines have a quick action: getting into the digestive tract, they almost instantly cause death from poisoning. Often there are combined preparations with contact-intestinal action that penetrate not only through the mouth, but also through contact with the surface of the body.
3. Systemic insecticide has the ability to quickly penetrate into the vessels of the plant. Therefore, such drugs are independent of weather conditions. In this case, they are able to infect not only insects that feed on foliage, fruits or buds, but also those pests that parasitize inside the plant.

The use of insecticides of systemic action helps to save up to 95% of the yield of the fruit plant.

Classification by spectrum of action

According to the spectrum of action, the following types are distinguished:

1. Electoral - applicable to combat a particular type of pest. The species also includes preparations against mites and helminths that attack plants.
2. Solid action - aimed at the group destruction of different types of insects.

The choice of the drug depends entirely on the needs of the gardener. Some substances are harmless to bees, which are considered useful insects, since they help to pollute garden crops.

Types of drugs for industrial use

For ease of use, systemic insecticides for the garden are also shared for production purposes. They have differences in the nature of the effect on the insect and on the chemical composition. There are the following categories of tools:

1. Pheromones are substances that attract insects, as they are created on the basis of substances that are released to attract beetles of the opposite sex. Such traps are capable of massively destroying insects of a certain type.
2. Insectoacaricides have a paralytic effect on ticks and other insects. The disadvantage is the harmful effect on the human nervous system. This species requires the use of a protective suit when processing plants.
3. Ovicides affect only the eggs of insects and are harmless to other stages of the life cycle.
4. The acres are used to destroy all species of aphids.
5. Larvicides are designed to kill insects at the stage of the larva.
6. Repellents are scarers that do not destroy insects, but their smell makes it clear that the plant is inedible. They are used by gardeners for preventive purposes.

Most drugs have high toxicity, so specialists do not recommend using them without special need as a preventive measure.

The best systemic insecticides

The list of systemic insecticides for the garden is great - for each plant a specific preparation is applied that affects the insect parasitizing on this type of culture. Special attention of gardeners deserve the following drugs:

• "Decis Lux", "Aktara", "Bi-58", "Zolon", "Lyufoks" - are used on fruit trees, especially on apple, pear and cherry trees;
• "Aktellik", "Apollo", "Bi-58 New", "Varant", "Nisporan", "Omayt", "Ortus" - are intended for spraying vineyards;
• "Vertimec", "Karate" - for cucumbers, pumpkins and carrots;
• "Voliam Flexi", "Danadim Mix", "Angio", "Confidor Maxi" - for tomatoes;
• "Reldan", "Helikoveks" - for the Bulgarian pepper;
• "Ratibor", "Karate Zion" - for eggplant;
• "Antizhuk", "Calypso", "Matador", "Mospilan", "Fastak", "Fury" - are used to fight insects on potatoes, in particular with the Colorado beetle;
• "Greenfort", "Douglas", "Marsh", "Nurel D", "Pirinex Supper", "Sumition" - are used on cereals, including for processing large fields;
• "Arrivo", "Fufanon" - for melons and melons (melon, watermelon);
• "Vertimex", "Force", "Omayt" - for strawberries.

This list of insecticides of systemic action is used both in a private economy, and in industrial. It should be used those drugs that are suitable for a particular culture, since they are aimed at destroying a particular type of parasite.

Influence on plants and ecology

When processing plants under favorable conditions (suitable air temperature, no precipitation, moderate climate humidity), the entire list of systemic insecticides does not harm plants. Despite this, any attempt to treat a plant with a chemical is stress for it. If the dosage is calculated correctly, the drug stimulates the metabolism of plants, in some cases, develops immunity to individual pests.

Soil insecticides have a harmful effect, which is neutralized only after 10 weeks. They also have a negative effect on fish, useful insects (especially bees), domestic animals. Therefore it is important to produce spraying away from apiaries, ponds and pastures.

When to process plants

All preparations have instructions for use. In which the dosage is specified in detail, as well as favorable conditions for spraying. The rules for processing garden crops are as follows:

• It is necessary to take into account the phase of the life cycle of an insect when choosing an insecticide - for adults it is too late to use ovits, which act only on eggs;
• When processing several drugs, it is worth considering their compatibility, because with an incorrect approach, chemicals can cause irreparable harm to plants;
• Treatment is not performed as a prophylaxis - only if the first symptoms of the lesion are detected;
• During flowering plants should stop spraying - this can affect the quality and quantity of the crop is not for the better;
• The end of the spraying occurs 40-45 days before harvest, as pesticides can harm the human body.

To obtain maximum effect, treatment should be carried out in dry, windless weather, in the evening. Also, avoid draining the drug from the leaves and strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Ways of treatment with insecticides

There are several effective ways of processing chemicals that are widely used in gardening. These include the following:

1. Spraying the entire surface of the plant with an aqueous solution of the preparation. At the same time, special equipment is used - a spray gun with a long hose in order to reach the upper branches. It is the most common and effective way of destroying insects. Systemic insecticides for fruit trees are used primarily by spraying the drug.
2. Pollution by the substance in the form of powder, with this method the concentration of the drug is higher, which guarantees its effectiveness.
3. Injecting granules into the soil allows you to fight the larvae of parasites that develop in the ground.
4. Fumigation - the spraying of chemicals over garden crops in the form of steam.
5. Soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of insecticide allows you to get rid of microscopic eggs of insects.

The method is selected individually and depends on the wishes and possibilities of the gardener.

Systemic insecticides for houseplants

Despite the fact that houseplants are less susceptible to damage by insects, rather than garden plants, this happens. Eggs or larvae of parasites could get together with soil or water for irrigation. For their destruction, the following drugs are used:

• "Aktara" is a chemical preparation with active substance thiamethoxam, which destroys pests such as thrips, chervets, shields, aphids. Ineffective against ticks.
• "Akarin" is a substance that kills such insects as sawflies, leaf rollers, fruit flies, thrips, aphids. The preparation does not pollute the soil and quickly collapses under the influence of water.
• "Bazudin" is effective against insects in any phase of the life cycle. It is introduced into the soil during plant transplantation, as well as to the surface of the soil upon detection of the parasite.
• Green soap can be used to fight off bugs, sponges, pips, thrips, scabbards. Due to its composition it is considered an environmentally friendly product.
• "Inta-Vir" is available in the form of tablets, which are bred in water at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is sprayed with plant leaves. Perhaps up to 3 treatments with the drug before the complete destruction of the insect population.
• "Iskra" is effective against shlitovok, weevil, ptynoschitovok, mealybug. The drug is considered conditionally dangerous for humans and domestic animals, so after processing should not allow pets and children to the plant.

These systemic insecticides for indoor plants are also applicable to garden crops, and it is important to observe the dosage indicated on the label of the preparation. If possible, it is worth choosing those remedies that are harmless to humans and pets.

Preparations for coniferous plants

Insects affect coniferous plants no less than garden ones. For this reason, systemic insecticides for conifers are used by gardeners who conserve the beauty of the site. The affected parts of the tree begin to turn yellow, the needles crumble, a white coating appears on them? This indicates a pest. Often use the following drugs:

• "Confidor", "Mospilan", "Calypso" - against juniper aphids.
• "Aktara", "Enzhio" - effectively fight the European juniper shield. For greater effect, treatment is carried out for 14 days with a frequency of 1 every 2-3 days with a change in the preparation.
• "Caesar", "Nurel-D", "Aktelyk" - are used to destroy the mite of the Oregon planter, which parasitizes all kinds of conifers. The drug is used at least 3 times with an interval of 10-11 days.
• "Bazudin", "Thunder", "Medotoks", "Anti-Khrushch" effectively destroy the population of marble bush in all stages of development (from larva to adult). Alternatively, mulching with a pine bark that prevents the eggs from laying eggs in the root zone of a coniferous plant can be used.

When handling chemicals, it is important to take into account the manufacturer's recommendations on the packaging. Correctly calculated dosage will destroy parasitic insects, without causing harm to the plant.

It should be remembered that a small space and high humidity are stimulants for the development of insect pests in the garden. In order to avoid their attack, it is necessary first of all to ensure normal conditions for the growth of garden crops.

Proper use of chemical insecticides taking into account safety techniques and recommendations regarding dosage from the manufacturer will help preserve the beauty of the site, plant health and yield.