Symptoms of placental abruption at different times, first aid for this condition

The placenta is called a very important organ, which initially develops from the same cells as the baby itself. Until 11-16 weeks it is called the chorion, the villous shell of the embryo: its villi pierce the thickness of the uterine wall, along with the baby oxygen and nutrition, the products of its vital activity and carbon dioxide are diverted to it. After this period, a full placenta is formed, which also has many villi, but, in addition to nutrition, also produces hormones (in particular, progesterone) that help to maintain pregnancy (before the formation of the placenta, this function is performed by the yellow body in the ovary).

The placenta does not have a contractile function, but it is attached to the uterus - a strong and large muscle that periodically "trains" for a short time before delivery, which is expressed in the reduction of its individual parts for a short period of time. Usually the placenta adjusts to these movements, and nothing happens to it, but sometimes there is a situation where a larger or smaller part of it is exfoliated from the uterine wall. Then the fetus suffers, as its food is disturbed. In addition, this condition can lead to the death of the mother and fetus, so the symptoms of placental abruption should be brought to the attention of pregnant women and their families.

What happens placental abruption?

Normally the placenta should attach closer to the top, that is, the bottom of the uterus, usually - along its back wall, but sometimes it is located closer to the exit - the cervical canal. This is called placenta previa. It can be complete or central, when the child's place is on either side of the exit from the uterus, blocking the outlet from it. It can also be that the placenta is just a little lower than necessary. This placentation is predisposing to detachment factor.

Thus, the normally located or pre-existing placenta can peel off. From the way it is located, the symptoms of detachment of the placenta depend.

Also, the manifestations will depend on such factors:

- continues the detachment or she was able to stop;

- where there was its separation from the uterus wall - in the center or with the edge;

- At what time of pregnancy or even childbirth, such a condition developed: placental abruption in the early stages, if a very small part of the uterus has left its site, has a non-severe course and a favorable prognosis, since later the baby's place will still grow and develop, That the defect will be closed and "outgrow".

What symptoms can occur with placental abruption?

The following are considered to be the main characteristics:

1) Bleeding from the vagina of varying intensity.

2) Pain in the abdomen, its lower parts.

3) Signs of fetal suffering: a change in the frequency of the heartbeat, an increase or decrease in its motor activity.

Symptoms of placental abruption, depending on the clinical situation, are as follows:

I. If there is a detachment of the underlying placenta with the edge, there is, basically, only bleeding, pain almost does not arise. If a small such patch has peeled off, the fetus does not suffer.

II. If the placenta, wherever it is located, exfoliates in the central region, and the bleeding stops (that is, the non-progressive detachment), then there may not be any symptoms. About this case the woman learns on ultrasound or then, after the fact, a little brown blood is allocated.

III. If the detachment of a normally located placenta exfoliates in the marginal segment, two symptoms of three may be present: bleeding and pain. If the bleeding does not stop, then the fetus begins to suffer, contractions and premature birth (or miscarriage, if it is a placental abruption in the first trimester) may begin.

IV. When the central part of the placenta has peeled off, then the placenta accumulates blood. This is called retroplacental hematoma. It is on its own, even if the bleeding has stopped, is capable of exfoliating the placenta further. As a result, a significant area, and even the whole placenta can peel off. Blood at such a partial detachment does not always stand out. Then the symptoms of placental abruption are: weakness, pallor, heart palpitations of a woman, she feels pain in the abdomen, the tension of the uterus, the baby first moves more often, then can quiet down altogether. With further penetration of the walls of the uterus with blood from the hematoma, the pain intensifies, the uterus does not relax. If the blood finds a way out, it pours out of the vagina.

V. The placenta can exfoliate during labor. Then, too, there is bleeding, clots can be released. The uterus weakly relaxes out of the fights, if the fetus suffers, then its dark caleca-meconium stands out. These signs should be noted by obstetrician-gynecologists

What if you think that your placenta has peeled off?

With any discharge of blood during pregnancy, even if it is a brown "daub" it is necessary to take a horizontal position and inform your gynecologist, who is watching you. If scarlet blood is allocated, it is necessary to lie down immediately, do not get up even to the toilet, be sure to call an ambulance and ensure maximum peace. If the child (on ultrasound) developed normally, you do not have severe gestosis or chronic pathology, there is a high probability that the strictest bed rest regime will stop bleeding, and then the help will come. Stopping bleeding in case of detachment of the placenta does not mean that you can get up, a few days will have to walk even to the toilet lying on the ship.