Syllables is what? Kinds of syllables and rules of division into syllables

Linguists distinguish such a thing as syllables. Learning the language you need to be able to correctly determine their boundaries in words and distinguish them by type. Consider the most basic types of syllables, as well as the rules of division.

Syllables - what is it?

There are different approaches to the definition of this concept. From the point of view of phonetics, the syllable is a single sound or a group of sounds accompanied by an exhalation. In a word, there are as many syllables as there are vowels in it. We can say that the syllable is the minimal pronouncing unit.

The syllable (or syllabic sound) is a vowel. The consonant, respectively, is considered non-logical.

Types of syllables

Syllables are also classified into open and closed. Closed syllables end in a consonant, and open syllables end in a vowel. In Russian, there is a tendency to open the syllable.

Also, if the syllable begins with a vowel of sound, it is naked, and if with a consonant it is covered.

There are also syllables in the acoustic structure:

• Ascending, where from a less sonorous (deaf consonant) comes and / or a sonoric consonant, and / or a vowel (pa-pa).
• Descending, where, unlike the ascending one, the syllable starts from the vowel, and then the sonoric consonants and / or the deaf ones (the mind) already go.
• Ascending-descending, where the likeness of a "hill" is obtained, in which consonants in the degree of sonority first go, then the vertex is a vowel sound, and then - "descent" down, starting with the most sonorous consonants (ping-pong).
• Even syllables - one vowel, that is, open and open syllables are even and consist of only one vowel (a).

Shock and unstressed syllables

Shock syllable is a syllable, the vowel of which is stressed, that is, the vowel stands in a strong position. The unstressed syllables do not fall.

And the unstressed syllables, in turn, are divided into two types with respect to the stressed syllable: zaudarnye and pre-shock. It is not difficult to guess that the pre-war are facing the stressed syllable, the percussion, respectively, after. They are also divided into pre-percussion / percussive syllables of different orders with respect to the percussion. The first pre-shock or zadarny is closest to the hit, the second in order is behind the first zaudarny and pre-shock, and so on.

Take for example the word che-re-do-va-ni-e, where all syllables, it is worth noting, are open. Shock will be the fourth syllable-with-the first pre-syllable-the syllable -to-, the second -re-, the third-man. But the first zaudarny will be-no, the second -e.

How to divide a word by syllables?

All words can be divided into syllables. In different languages, division can occur in different ways. But how is the division in the Russian language? What are the nuances of the rule?

In general, the division follows the general principles:

• How many vowels, so many syllables. If a word has one vowel sound, then this is one syllable, since the vowels are syllabic. For example, these are the words: cat, whale, one, current, which consist of one syllable.
• A syllable can only be a vowel. For example, according to syllables the word "this" is divided as e-that.
• Open syllables end in vowels, closed - with consonants. Examples of openness: mo-lo-ko, de-le-ni-e, co-ro-va. Closed syllables are found, as a rule, at the end of the word or at the junction of consonants (kom-pot, mole, give). In Russian, as already mentioned, there is a tendency to open the syllable.
• If the word has the letter "d", then it goes to the previous syllable. For example, mine.
• At the junction of the two vowels, division occurs in the middle, because there can not be two vowels in one syllable. In this case, it turns out that the first syllable is an open syllable, and the second syllable is naked (xa-oc).
• All sonorities (m, n, l, p) at the junction of consonants before the deaf usually "stick" to the preceding sounds, forming a syllable.

Theories of allocation

Nevertheless, there is no clear framework for what exactly is the syllable and where its boundaries pass. The main thing is the presence of a vowel, but the definition of boundaries can occur in different ways. There are several basic theory of allocation.

• Sonor theory, which is based on the principle of the wave of sonority of the syllable. Developed by her scientist from Denmark, Otto Espersen, and for the Russian language continued the idea of R.I. Avanesov. He distinguished four degrees of sonority, beginning with more sonorous and ending with non-sonorities. At the top are vowels, then the second degree is followed by sonoras, the third degree is sonorous noisy, and in fourth place completely dull consonants. That is, the syllable is a combination of a vowel with less sonorous sounds, down to non-resonant sounds.
• The expiratory theory (exhalation) implies that the syllable is one exhalation push. How many pushes, so many syllables. However, the minus of this theory is the uncertainty of the boundary of the syllable at the junction of consonants. In this theory, you can use a candle to understand how many syllables (air pushes) in a word.
• The theory of "muscular tension" carries the idea that in the syllable the levels of maximum and minimum muscular tension (i.e. tension of the organs of speech) are combined. The boundaries of the syllable will be the sounds of minimal muscular tension.

Now that you know the rules for dividing words into syllables, you will not have problems with word wrapping.