Surrealism in painting

Surrealism is a special trend in the cinema, painting, literature. It was formed in France in 1924. It is believed that surrealism ended in 1969.

This direction had a significant impact on the formation of human consciousness. His main figures were Salvador Dali, Louis Aragon, Juan Miro, André Breton, Luis Bunuel.

Having arisen as a literary one, the current acquired the status of a certain movement in contemporary art as a whole. Followers of surrealism did not set out to form a school or direction. They sought to implement a "global revolutionary project", relating to all spheres of thought and activity. Surrealism was to become a new way of consciousness.

The direction survived several public crises, the Second World War. Gradually penetrating into the mass culture, surrealism became a component of postmodernism. Apollinaire (French poet) called his works, in which incoherent human sensations were shown, representing something more than reality. So he explained what surrealism is.

A little later Andre Breton used the term. He published Surrealism magazine in Paris, published his concept as a new trend in art.

1924-th year is considered the moment from which surrealism began to exist in painting. Andre Masson and Max Ernst joined the followers of the current. In 1925, the first exhibition of the Surrealists took place. On it were exhibited pictures of each other dissimilar artists. Surrealism in painting reflected in the canvases of such masters as Picasso, Miró, Henri, Ernst, Chirico, Klee and others.

According to Breton, the new direction was intended to reflect the secret desires and needs of man. And in order to comprehend surrealism in painting or in another sphere of culture, it was enough to have childish immediacy and receptivity.

The visual arts are directed, mainly, to the strongest of all physical senses - sight. It is this that allows you to control the world. The Surrealists attached great importance to vision. Reality had value for them only in the sense in which it was understood by them.

Surrealism in painting, as in other spheres of culture, developed under the influence of the philosophy of intuitionism Bergson, as well as the theory of Freud's psychoanalysis.

Followers of the direction were dissatisfied with the existing reality. They expressed their discontent in works of art. The surrealists declared reality the source of all evil, opposed the abstract world as a whole. They believed that no social revolution was needed . You can change the state of things by abandoning logic, reason, usual, traditional world perception, absurd, unsatisfactory delineation of things into beautiful and ugly, good and bad, false and truthful. Surrealists advocated the rejection of the usual ideas, reflecting the norms of human interaction.

Fine art was considered the main sphere of artistic practice of the followers of the movement. It should be noted that not only painting, but also sculpture was included in this area. To the surreal art include collages, frottazhi, reyografy and other methods introduced by the Cubists. Frottazh, for example, was created by transferring to natural patterns of objects placed under it. The process was carried out by rubbing the paper with a piece of lead. Thus, fantastic landscapes, forms of ghostly animals, birds appeared from the objects specially placed under the paper.