Substandard goods: description and characteristics

A substandard product, which has a small defect in the form of a scratch or inappropriate color, a lost package or a non-functional part of the package, can significantly save finance and last many years for the intended purpose. Often substandard is confused with marriage, which plays into the hands of dishonest producers or sellers and misleads the consumer.

What is substandard

Defect is a product that does not meet the standards, technical specifications for any parameters. A substandard product is a consequence of non-compliance with production technology. There are several types of deviation from the norms:

• The goods are conditionally usable.
• The product is suitable after making corrections.
• The product is not usable and requires recycling.

Marriage or substandard

A product that is conditionally usable, including after repair, is substandard. If no changes or repairs can return things to its functions, then this is the case of marriage. A non-conforming product differs from a defective product in that products with minor defects can be used for their intended purpose after appropriate modification by the manufacturer or the service department.

Causes

Substandard goods can appear not only in the production cycle, but also for other reasons. For example:

• Damage to products arising during the delivery of goods.
• Loss of parts or packaging, damage to the packaging.
• External damage to the product (scratches, chips, loss of color, etc.).
• Minor breakage.

In addition to production definition, non-conforming goods have an accounting interpretation: illiquid is commodity-material assets that are difficult to realize, or surplus stock in the warehouse, or products that do not participate in the production processes of the organization (none of the departments need it).

The cost of substandard

The cost of producing high-quality and substandard goods for the manufacturer is the same. The appearance of substandard goods with hidden defects indicates a gross violation of the technological process, the result may be a completely spoiled party. In this case, the manufacturer decides that it is more profitable (from a financial and reputational point of view) to take. Recycling entails double losses, sale at a reduced cost can return production costs, but in this case it is necessary to inform the potential buyer about all defects of illiquid.

Quite often, retail chains buy wholesale goods, where there is illiquid, and there is no way to make claims to the supplier or manufacturer. Most often the cost of marriage and illiquid is dissipated to the price of a quality product. The seller of the retail network can sell the substandard goods at a reduced cost, and the seller will incur losses in the end. Also, sales are practiced, in which all costs are returned in money equivalent (sale without profit or loss). The last ways to get rid of substandard are repair with subsequent sale, implementation at the lowest cost, return to the manufacturer, utilization.

Defects and their classification

What is a substandard product? This product with any defects, which, in turn, are divided into several types:

• Explicit defect. The type of damage that occurs when quality control methods are observed.
• Hidden defect. This type of damage is not detected by standard testing methods.
• Critical defect. In the presence of this type of illiquidity, the use of products is practically reduced to zero or impossible for security reasons.

Defects also vary in degree:

• Significant. Has a significant influence on the correct use of the product / product for its intended purpose, shortens the period of operation and suitability.
• Minor. Has an almost imperceptible effect on the practical use of the product / product for its intended purpose and for the period of its operation.

Non-standard goods with defects can be repaired, which also has its differences:

• Eliminate defects. Repair of products is advisable, technically possible and economically profitable.
• Irreducible defects. In fact, this kind of defects is a marriage.

Where does nekonditsiya fall

Things with any defects can be found at any point of sale, and in connection with a difficult economic situation, shops of substandard goods have appeared. Often substandard settles in different drains, and in this case for the buyer the purchase of such a commodity means a lottery ticket, and not always winning. Well, if the purchase will serve as a faith and truth for a long time, but there is no guarantee for a successful outcome.

Stock stores form an assortment of unsold seasonal trade balances of major brands, networks or counterfeit products. It also gets everything that has a defect. For example, clothes in the show room often try on, and it loses some of its attractiveness - buttons, sleeves or a spot may come off. These are signs of substandard goods. If we are talking, for example, about building materials, then in this case there may be different sorts, incomplete equipment or defects of different degrees.

If the company protects the image, the non-conforming goods will be sold at a reduced cost, and the card will indicate all the defects. And if he was subjected to repair, then this will also be announced. Unconditioned is also stale goods in the warehouse, and you can meet it not only in hardware stores, but also in grocery supermarkets. Slightly crushed ice cream does not lose its flavor and nutritional qualities, but overdue products threaten health, and their sale is unauthorized.

Consumer Rights

The legal right of the consumer is to return the goods to the store if their defects were discovered after the purchase, and the seller did not warn them. The algorithm of actions is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation (Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights No. 2300-1 of 07.02.1992):

• Return of goods must be recorded in writing. To do this, the buyer writes a statement in free form, where he indicates his data, the shortcomings of the goods and requires the return of the paid amount. According to the law, the buyer's money must be returned within 15 days after the sale. In this case, the seller can offer an alternative - a replacement for a similar thing or repair. The application is written in two copies - the original is given to the seller, the copy with the store stamp remains with the buyer.
• The seller is obliged to accept the application for refund, the substandard product itself, and also to check it for compliance with the application.
• In the event of a disputable situation, when the seller does not agree with the identified shortcomings, it is necessary to carry out an examination, on which the consumer is entitled to attend. The valuation is carried out at the seller's expense. If the buyer does not agree with the findings of the examination, then he is entitled to sue. If the court recognizes that the defects have arisen not through the fault of the seller, the buyer reimburses the costs of the examination, judicial and commodity (storage, transportation, etc.) costs.
• According to the law, the seller is obliged to return the money within 10 days after receiving the application. The amount must be paid in full, withholding of funds for loss of operational, aesthetic qualities of the goods is not made.
• The buyer must return the goods for which the application is submitted to the seller.
• If the seller refuses to return the money, and the illiquidity of the goods is proved, it is worth to go to court. In this case, the applicant has the right to demand additional compensation (for losses, to receive a penalty, fine, partial reimbursement of court costs, etc.).

Unconditioning in stock and in return

The substandard goods in the store are divided into two categories: "A" and "B". Group "A" includes products that require testing, repair, returned by the buyer. After that the goods of this group are sent to the service center for further work - repair, testing. Immediately experts make a conclusion about the state of things, and if they are not subject to repair, an opinion is drawn, on the basis of which the funds are returned to the buyer (if the goods are returnable) or replaced.

Expert opinion is transferred to the store, where negotiations with the buyer will take place. The store is unprofitable to keep defective products, so there is a withdrawal of substandard goods and transfer it to the manufacturer along with the complaints. If there is no return contract with the commodity producer, complete or partial recycling is carried out.

Off-spec assortment in the store

The substandard group "B" includes products that have a substandard type of goods, incomplete configuration, which requires the removal of client settings. Also here are products that have identification discrepancies, for example, discrepancy of stickers on the packaging and directly on the product, defective accessories, things with inappropriate equipment (for example, a mobile phone includes headphones of another model).

Part of the group "B" goods is sent to the presale preparation warehouse, where client settings are deleted, markdowns, changes in the status of products, etc. are carried out. The specialist assesses the need and the possibility of repair (testing). After the decision is taken, the goods are either disassembled or sent to a service center. In this division, the client settings are cleared and the item is transferred to the outlets, while the expert decides on the appropriateness of the markdown.

The product that can not be repaired / repaired is disassembled into spare parts for further use in repair. Products that can not be used in any form are transferred to the commodity producer or disposed of.

Reviews

Any enterprise has substandard goods. Customer feedback often takes the form of a dispute about the advantages and disadvantages of buying goods with defects. There is no consumer who at least once did not acquire illiquid. In most cases, such a product attracts low cost and sometimes it serves for years. Those who advocate for such purchases share their own experiences, which turned out to be successful.

Many indicate that the purchased goods demanded a small home repair on their own, and in the future there were no problems with it. For the most part, this applies to low-tech products, where non-standard goods - household appliances, furniture, textiles, metal products, etc.

The most part of negative reviews tells about expensive or high-tech purchases - cars, mobile phones, computers, etc. Most buyers agree that it is not worth taking risks with such acquisitions: repairs can get more expensive than the purchase itself, and quality assurance after There is no intervention.

For most buyers, the main problem with the purchase was dishonesty of the seller or the manufacturer. Many are ready to buy substandard goods, the description of which corresponds to the real state of affairs, and which has a reduced cost. Unfortunately, many retailers sell the refurbished illiquid as a quality product and do not notify the buyer of the problems, repairs or defects that have occurred.