Strength of elasticity

In nature, everything is interconnected and continuously interacts with each other. Each of its parts, each of its components and elements is constantly exposed to an entire complex of forces.

Despite the fact that the number of forces in nature is large enough, they can all be divided into four types:

1. Gravitational forces.

2. Forces of an electromagnetic nature.

3. Forces of a strong type.

4. Forces of a weak type.

Gravitational forces become very noticeable only in the scales of space. Forces of an electromagnetic nature are forces that manifest themselves in the interaction of particles having certain electrical charges.

The strength of elasticity is one of the most significant forces in nature. When a body undergoes a process of deformation, a special force appears inside it, which is equal to the force of deformation, but with the opposite sign. The force of elasticity is directed against deformation of the body. Its varieties are the tension force, the reaction force of the support.

In physics there is such a thing as elastic deformation. Elastic deformation is a phenomenon of deformation in which it disappears after external forces cease to act. After this deformation, the body takes its original form. Thus, the force of elasticity, the definition of which says that it arises in the body after elastic deformation, is a potential force. A potential force, or conservative force, is a force in which its work can not be dependent on its trajectory, but depends only on the initial and final point of application of forces. The work of a conservative or potential force along a closed trajectory will be zero.

We can say that the elastic force is electromagnetic in nature. This force can be estimated as a macroscopic manifestation of the interaction between molecules of a substance or a body. In any case, under which either compression or stretching of the body occurs, the elastic force is manifested. It is directed against the deforming force in the direction opposite to the displacement of the particles of the given body and perpendicular to the surface of the body being deformed. Also, the vector of this force is directed in the direction opposite to the deformation of the body (the displacement of its molecules).

Calculation of the value of the elastic force that arises in the body during deformation occurs according to Hooke's law. According to him, the force of elasticity is equal to the product of the rigidity of the body by the change in the coefficient of deformation of this body. According to Hooke's law, the force of elasticity arising under a definite deformation of a body or substance is directly proportional to the elongation of this body, and it is directed in the direction opposite to the direction by which the particles of a given body move relative to the remaining particles at the time of deformation.

The stiffness index of a particular body or the proportional coefficient depends on the material used to make the body. Also, the rigidity depends on the geometric proportions and shapes of the given body. With respect to the elastic force, there is still such a thing as mechanical stress. Such a stress is the ratio of the modulus of elasticity to the unit area at a given point of the section under consideration. If we associate Hooke's law with the stress of this type, then his formulation will sound somewhat different. The stress of the mechanical type that arises in the body during its deformation is always proportional to the relative elongation of this body. It must be borne in mind that the action of Hooke's law is limited only by small deformations. There are limits of deformation under which this law operates. If they are exceeded, the elastic force will be calculated by complex formulas, regardless of Hooke's law.