Donets Seversky. The Seversky Donets River. Fishing in the Seversky Donets

Only the names of the largest river Donbass Donets Seversky from visiting tourists throughout its long history. And, in general, good names, but can the originally Slavic river, which flows past the Holy Dormition Svyatogorsk Lavra, be called Donel, Tanais or Sirgis? She was from the Seversk land, she was a tributary of the Don, how could she be called, as if it were not Donets Seversky?

The largest right tributary of the Don

The largest river of eastern Ukraine takes its beginning on the Central Russian Upland, in the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation, near the village of Podolhi. The most interesting thing is that it also flows into the Don River also on the territory of the Russian Federation, but already in the Rostov region. The total length of the river is 1053 kilometers (area - 98,900 square kilometers), of which in Russia there is only a third - 330 km, the rest (middle) part of the river flows through three regions of eastern Ukraine: Kharkov, Donetsk and Lugansk - and is the fourth The largest river in this country. For the east of Ukraine, the role of this waterway is difficult to overestimate, because it is the main source of fresh water in this region.

Some geographical data

The entire basin of the Donets Seversky River is very large and almost equal to the Rhine basin, but it is twice as big as the water volume. The rivers directly flowing into the Seversky Donets, no more than 1000. And all in its basin, according to many, perceptibly different data, there are about 2500-3000 rivers. The largest of them, such as Kazeny Torets, Bakhmutka, Oskol, Aidar, Lugan, have a length of more than 10 kilometers. The river itself, in turn, is the largest tributary of the Don and flows into it 218 kilometers from the mouth. The width of the river varies from 30 to 70 meters, along the entire length there are reservoirs, in the area of which Donetsk is bottled up to 4 km. Depth varies from 10 m on the reaches (the deepest part, usually located on the concave part of the bend, or meanders) to 0.3 m in shallow water. This water artery is flat, shallow, winters are severe. And therefore the river Seversky Donets freezes in the cold season of the month by 2-3. The thickness of the ice is 30-50 cm. "How on Seversky Donets I sang a frost on the frost," - is sung in one song. But it does not freeze everywhere, and in many places the ice is thin, so lovers of diving should be very cautious.

Features of the channel

Because of the absence of mountains over a long stretch, the river has a wide valley: in the upper reaches 8-10 km, in the lower reaches it reaches 20-26 kilometers. However, the banks in most cases differ in level - they are asymmetric. One shore, right, high, sometimes rocky, and in places consists of their chalky rocks, as in Svyatogorsk. Opposite (left) coast is flat. On it there is a floodplain with numerous lakes, beds of dried up rivers (by elders), swampy places. There are large lakes, for example, Liman. The river is winding and diverse: on its entire length there are rapids and ruts, rapids and rubble. All this is more common in the upper and central parts. Water resources are replenished, mainly due to natural precipitation - rain and melting snow.

The river of life for the industrial east of Ukraine

As on any river that flows through industrial areas and serves the population as a source of drinking water (Seversky Donets provides it only in Ukraine with three large industrial cities - Kharkov, Donetsk and Lugansk), dams have been built and reservoirs have been built. In the upper reaches, to the Russian city of Belgorod, there are several, but not very large ones. Downstream in Donets Seversky flows the Volchya River, and immediately behind it is the Pecheniz'ke Reservoir. It is intended for the needs of the city of Kharkov.

The tributaries and channels that give life to the river, and the causes that kill it

The Donetsk coal basin receives the necessary water thanks to the Seversky Donets-Donbass channel, which is built much lower downstream. Before it Donets takes on the waters of the rivers Uda and Oskol (its largest tributary). Immediately, in the middle of its current, it receives water from the Dnieper (the Dnieper-Donbass channel). A total of 148 reservoirs have been built for the needs of various enterprises on the territory of the Donetsk region. This indicates that the industrial potential of the region is very high, and the climate here is arid. Therefore, the role of the Seversky Donets can not be overestimated, and the cares of ecologists and simply not indifferent people who are worried about the death of the river are understandable. The reasons for this tragedy are different. In addition to the traditional deforestation and the approach of arable land directly to the shores, the huge intake of water for industrial needs and return in smaller quantities, and even in a warmer state, exotic algae appeared. Pistia, or water salad, literally over two years flooded the river.

Calm and wide river in the lower reaches

In the area of the capital of Donbass and beyond, in the Rostov region, Seversky Donets crosses the Donetsk ridge. It is clear that there are practically no valleys here, and the banks are steep and rocky. And already closer to the mouth, where the Seversky Donets is divided into three branches, over a distance of 200 km the river is blocked by many locks. Naturally, the current here is slow, the width varies from 100 to 200 meters. From here the river becomes navigable.

Paradise for fishermen

Despite the problems, fishing at Seversky Donets was famous at all times, in Which is inhabited by 41 species of fish. Of course, both pollution and tropical aliens, which destroy the natural environment for the restoration of fish stocks, significantly reduced the number of valuable fish species that have been inhabited since time immemorial. But large and medium-sized pike, pike-perch, catfish, and bream still remain here. But Seversky Donets is particularly rich in small species, such as rudd, perch, roach. Fishing on this river is also good because due to the different width (from 30 to 200 meters) of the riverbed, you can do various kinds of fishing and check fishing gear and skills in the matter.

Treasured places

Fishing lovers enjoy special respect and respect for the neighborhood of Svyatogorsk, which Anton Chekhov called Donetsk Switzerland. And it's not even in the peculiar beauty of the surroundings, and not that there are "holy, namolennye place" (Artemevsky skete). The point is an integrated approach: the fishing is beautiful, and the places are beautiful, and the entrance is incredibly convenient (next to it, in a few kilometers, there is the route Rostov-Kharkov-Donetsk). Places that are very popular are known and, as a rule, are occupied. But the river is so good that you can always find a part of the shore to your liking. The abundance of residential settlements along the water will allow you to leave the car in a paid parking lot. It is in the region of Svyatogorsk that you can catch representatives of almost all types of fish that are found in the Seversky Donets, and even asp. Individuals come across such large ones that when catching from a bridge they can not be raised.

Both in winter and in summer ...

The best catch in the summer, but ice-cold biting is good, you just need to remember that the river does not freeze completely and in some places the winter cover is thin, but the fishing for perch in these places is very good after the first frosts. Across the river, there are surprisingly many places for "quiet hunting": Raisins, Savinky (here catch chub). But near some industrial cities, or rather, just downstream, it is not safe to fish, because harmful wastes of production are thrown into the river.

River and forest - what could be better for recreation?

Most of the residents of the five regions, through the territories of which the river flows, do not ask themselves where to lead their holiday or Sunday rest. Seversky Donets, its picturesque banks, a mixed forest, suitable directly to the water, clean curative air - everything and always had to build recreation centers and sanatoriums. It can be argued that almost every serious enterprise of any of the five regional centers: Russian Belgorod and Rostov-on-Don, Ukrainian Kharkov, Donetsk and Lugansk - has a recreation center, a children's camp or a dispensary on the shore of the Seversky Donets. These wonderful places were visited by poets and artists. Here there were Chekhov and Tyutchev, Tsvetaeva and Bunin, Nemirovich-Danchenko and Repin. Perhaps one of them called these beauties Pridontsov.

Pearl of the Don

And, of course, the treasury of these places is all the same Svyatogorsk. In its vicinity is the Holy Assumption Monastery, one of the most beautiful Orthodox monasteries. To her from Svyatogorsk is a very beautiful bridge across the Seversky Donets. It sells souvenirs from the local pine with drawings of the main attraction - the Lavra, musicians perform. The Svyato-Uspenskaya Svyatogorsk Lavra itself is the most important object of the National Natural Park "Holy Mountains", created in 1997. It is unique, because on its territory there are such relict trees as, for example, the Cretaceous pine from the preglacial period, 129 archaeological sites dating from the Paleolithic period to the Middle Ages, and the historical monuments here 73. The National Park "Holy Mountains" and all Its territory and facilities are under state protection.

Seversky Donets on the map

The Seversky Donets River is very diverse. The map, in which she was first depicted as Sewerski, was published by cartographer G. Mercator in 1595. On the 1154 map of the Arabian geographer Idrisi (1099-1165), it is also noted, but under the name of Rusia.

The word "Donets" is present in many names: Donetsk, for example, or Donetsk Seimitsa (an inflow of the Seimas). Rivers, the names of which include this word, are only five, but not one of them is named only by them. A qualitative adjective is necessarily present in the title. In addition to Seversky, it is Lime, Sedge, Dry and Dead Donets.

Extremely picturesque

A lot is said about the beauty of the river described, but, as they say, it is better to see once, at least on the pictures that captured the river Seversky Donets from the source to the mouth. The photos that are presented in the article do not embellish reality at all. There are really beautiful green islands on the river, and trees that grow along the coasts are also more bizarre.