Strategy of innovative development of Russia until 2020. State programs of the Russian Federation

The state programs of the Russian Federation have become the main instrument for solving the most important tasks of social and economic development. Innovation is an integral part of the progress of the economy of any state. Therefore, it is especially important to study the strategy for the development of the Russian economy in terms of innovations, its tasks and methods of implementation.

What is innovation?

To date, there are so many definitions of innovation. The table provides a comparative analysis of the main foreign theories that determine innovation in different ways. The founder of the same doctrine of innovation is considered to be I. Schumpeter, who, studying the nature of the changes associated with the mesophyte manifestation of new materials or approaches in human activity, called any such changes innovation.

The concept of innovation in international recommendations is most widely disclosed under the name Oslo Manual and the Frascati Manual. In these documents, translated into almost all languages of the world, the concept of innovation is interpreted as the result of an activity that is used in practice as a new / improved product, technology or process.

Innovations lead to renewal of capital and include not only the innovation itself, but also the stages of creating, implementing and using innovation to meet changing human needs.

What are the innovations?

Innovation is a young, developing science, therefore there are many directions for their division into groups. Innovations are classified by the nature of the application, the reasons for the occurrence, the degree of influence on the production or other process. It is generally accepted to use the following classification of innovations :

1. Product innovation. They are focused on the production and introduction of new products. In this case, the predominant role of supply over demand in the economic sense takes place. Product innovation can characterize the Russian economy in the Soviet period.
2. Technological innovation. They are often called process ones, as they are aimed at modifying technological processes and increasing the efficiency of production. Technological innovations are also often the most profitable, since they can generate revenue when selling, without losing any usefulness to the owner.
3. Social innovation. These are changes in the structure of society and relationships in specific social groups. They are often introduced to change the priorities in society, for example, to increase the role of socially useful activity in comparison with the personal interests of the employee.
4. Managerial innovation. Include address updates for the management of the organization.
5. Economic innovation . Influence the development of the economy of a whole region or the process of functioning in the market conditions of a particular economic entity.

The Law on Planning Innovation Development in Russia until 2020.

The regulatory and legal framework for the development of science and technology began to develop long before our days. Even in the Soviet period, laws were being developed on the strategies for the economic development of the state, including instructions on the modernization of the most important industries for the country. In the framework of such changes, rationalization proposals from workers were made to improve the efficiency of performing an operation. This was quite simple and cheap method of motivating the development of the non-standard approach of people to their work and allowed without unnecessary expenditure of the budget to improve the technological chains right on the ground, which brought quite a noticeable effect.

The development of innovations was also reflected in normative documents, and the most important of them was the "Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia until 2020," approved on Dec. 8, 2011 by the Russian Federation Government Decree No. 2227-p.

It is designed to significantly change the structure of the economy of our country, to raise the technological and scientific aspects of management to a new level, and to provide an opportunity for the Russian educational sector to compete successfully with world leaders in this field.

Goals and objectives

"The strategy of innovative development of Russia until 2020" predetermines the main approaches and mechanisms of modernization and improvement of the country's innovation policy . It contains key indicators to be achieved by 2020. They can vary depending on the course of implementation of the activities laid down in the strategy.

In particular, there is an increase in the number of industrial enterprises, which will lead to an increase in exports and the share of Russia in the international markets for new technologies. The indicator also indicates the degree of citation and the volume of publications of Russian scientists in international scientific journals. The development of patenting and the quality of higher education is also given special attention.

Ways of realization

The strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation includes the following activities:

• Introduction of innovative technologies in state structures, budget organizations.
• Modernization of the personnel policy in the field of science, technology, innovation and education.
• Motivation and stimulation of innovative business.
• Participation of Russia in the world innovative developments, creation of clusters of innovations.

The "Innovative Russia-2020" strategy will be implemented taking into account the priorities of technological development of individual regions of the country and effective state support of private entrepreneurship in the field of new developments.

The main mechanisms for the implementation of this strategy are federal programs of scientific and technical orientation, as well as regional long-term and short-term programs for the development of science, education and innovation.

Risks in the implementation

State programs of the Russian Federation do not always achieve the set tasks. What are the risks of the fact that the new strategy of innovative development of Russia until 2020 will be untenable?

Firstly, the causes caused by external factors can lead to negative consequences:

• Infrastructural changes.
• Personnel reshuffles in strategically important organizations and the state apparatus.
• Financial instability of the economy.

Second, there are internal risks:

• Significant changes in the education system that undermine the process of building the potential of scientific inventions.
• Change in the number of scientists of fundamental and applied science.
• Sharp cuts in the financing of the educational sector.

"The Strategy of Innovative Development of Russia to 2020" is designed to bring about a real innovative breakthrough of the domestic economy and ensure prosperity for the Russians for many years to come. The current reform of the educational sector just confirms the Russian government's focus on this result.