Signs of arterial bleeding and venous

Arterial bleeding is the most dangerous, regardless of the cause of its occurrence. That's why you need to immediately give the victim first aid. For this, it is necessary to clearly know the signs of arterial bleeding.

Types of bleeding

Specialists distinguish two groups of bleeding: the type of vascular damage and external signs.

The first group includes the following bleeding:

• Arterial. The most dangerous form of bleeding, as there may be a loss of large amounts of blood in the shortest possible time.

• Venous bleeding. It is characterized by a lower rate of hemorrhage. Less dangerous than the previous species, however, if the vessels of the neck are damaged, a fatal outcome may occur due to the possible absorption of air.

• Capillary bleeding. Often, it can be observed when receiving minor injuries, such as abrasions, cuts and scratches. It is characterized by a slight bleeding, which is no threat to life.

• Mixed bleeding. This species is characterized by the presence of signs of both arterial, venous and capillary hemorrhage. For example, mixed bleeding can be observed with detachment of the limb. It is very dangerous, since there is arterial bleeding.

According to external signs, bleeding is divided into the following:

• Outdoor. With it, as a rule, there are skin lesions of various degrees.
• Internal. It can be due to blunt injuries of various parts of the body, such as the chest and abdomen. In such situations, damage to the internal organs of a person occurs. The main signs that indicate internal bleeding are weakness, thirst, dizziness, loss of consciousness, nausea, sometimes vomiting, changes in the skin, low blood pressure.

Signs of external arterial bleeding

This bleeding is a completely natural reaction of the body to any kind of damage to the arteries, including mechanical injuries and impaired vascular permeability.

Any bleeding can be dangerous, whatever you call it. Signs of arterial bleeding, which should be paid close attention, are as follows:

1. First of all, it is the color of blood that flows out of the wound. For arterial bleeding is characterized by a bright scarlet color. It turns out this because of the large amount of oxygen in the blood.
2. A special character of the flow of blood. Because of the high pressure in these blood vessels, the blood will pulsate in the form of a stream or a fountain.
3. The rate of bleeding is quite high, especially with damage to particularly large arteries. In such situations, a person can literally in a few minutes lose virtually the entire volume of blood. This can lead to death.
4. Due to the loss of a large amount of blood, the skin of a person acquires a pale bluish color.
5. When measuring blood pressure, you can see that it is going down. A man complains of dizziness, darkening of the eyes and nausea. Maybe even faint.

First aid for arterial hemorrhage

First aid must be given urgently, since the preservation of human life directly depends on this.

If you suspect a person's arterial bleeding (signs of arterial bleeding are indicated above), the first thing to do is a thorough examination to determine all sources. Open damage is conspicuous, so detecting them can be quite easy. Wounds that are covered with clothing can go unnoticed, which is very dangerous. The main thing when examining - to determine the presence of acute blood loss, regardless of the size of the wound in the victim. Also worth checking the victim's breathing, his pulse and pressure.

The first medical aid for external arterial bleeding is the application of a pressure bandage. If you find damage to large vessels, then stop blood loss by using the method of pressing the artery with your finger. It should be remembered that this method is temporary. Usually this is done in order to have time to carefully prepare a pressure bandage.

If external injuries of the limbs are observed, then the pressing bandage, as a rule, is not enough. In such cases it is better to use a tourniquet or its analog. Can come handy tools, such as a tie, belt, scarf or handkerchief. It should be applied a few centimeters above the bleeding site, after which it is mandatory to leave a note indicating the time of application of the tourniquet. You can leave it for a certain period: up to two hours in summer and up to 30 minutes in winter. During this time, the victim must be taken to the hospital.

Types of venous bleeding

Venous bleeding is more common than arterial bleeding. This is due to the peculiarities of the location of the venous vessels. They are in close proximity to the skin and therefore more prone to damage.

There are three main types of venous bleeding:

• Blood loss from the superficial veins of the limbs;
• Bleeding from the deep veins;
• Damage to the veins of the neck.

Each type of venous bleeding has its dangers and can lead to death if the time does not provide medical care.

Signs of venous bleeding

The signs of arterial and venous bleeding have some differences.

The main symptoms of venous blood loss are (characteristic signs of arterial bleeding can be seen above):

1. Presence of damage to the skin. Can be chopped, cut, gunshot and others. Damage is observed in places where veins are localized in large numbers.
2. The flow of blood is not interrupted.
3. The color of the venous blood is dark red, as it is saturated with carbon dioxide.
4. Bleeding mainly occurs from the peripheral part of the vessel, which has been damaged.
5. If you press a vein directly near the wound through the skin, the blood flow decreases.

First medical aid for venous bleeding

Assistance to the victim in this case depends entirely on the nature of the damage. If the superficial veins are damaged, it is necessary first of all to press down the damaged vessel and rinse the wound with hydrogen peroxide or to bandage the affected area by putting a tampon with an antiseptic. Finally, stopping heavy bleeding will help suturing the wound.

If the deep veins are damaged, tampons with hydrogen peroxide must be tightly wound in the wounds. After carrying out of the given procedure it is necessary to impose a pressing circular bandage, and enough rigid. All further actions should be performed by a doctor, and the earlier he begins to process the wound, the better for the patient.

If there are damage to the vessels of the neck, it is required to press the ends of the bleeding vein through the skin with the fingers, and in the very wound to clamp the vessel. After that, tampons must be packed with hydrogen peroxide. After first aid, the doctor must apply seams.

When providing first aid with various bleeding, one should observe calmness and clearly follow the sequence of actions.