Severe bruise of the eye: what to do?

A bruise is a mechanical damage to the tissues, in which there are no open wounds. It is accompanied by swelling, bruising and pain. If you have a severe eye contusion, what should you do? This you will learn in the course of reading the article.

Features of eye trauma

Severe damage to the eyeball can lead to impaired visual function. There are several features in the structure of this body, because of which any injury can cause serious and even irreparable harm. Let's consider some of these features in more detail:

• Unlike other parts of the body, the eye has no support from the muscles;
• Directly interacts with the environment, so it is vulnerable to external factors;
• A complex structure, consists of very fragile elements;
• Not all aspects of the structure of the eye have been studied, some traumas and diseases are not yet amenable to treatment.

It is on the basis of these factors that it becomes clear why a bruise is a serious injury that can lead to even partial or complete blindness and other serious pathologies.

Causes of bruises

The causes of mechanical damage can be many - falling, blow by some object, fight, explosion, etc. Most often such traumas are exposed to small children, older boys, adolescents, and people whose work involves certain dangers. These include police officers, stuntmen, firemen, athletes and others.

In any case, everyone can face this problem completely by accident, regardless of gender, age and type of activity.

If you have a bruised eye, a bruise can be the most innocuous symptom. The consequences can actually be much more serious. We will talk about this later.

Common symptoms of injury

Since the degree of injury is completely different, then the severity of the symptoms is also different. A severe bruise of the eye is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Pain is most often quite strong, but it may not feel at all. It depends on the individual characteristics of the person and his pain threshold. In some cases, there is a pain shock, and this symptom is felt later.
• Edema is a clear sign of a severe bruise. Occurs because of fluid accumulation in the damaged area. Most often it appears on the eyelid and under the eye. It becomes fully visible after a day.
• Problems with vision - there is a nebula or blur. This is a very serious phenomenon, since there is a possibility of detachment of the retina.
• Falling out of the field - after the injury, lateral vision may be damaged or completely lost.
• Tearing - a temporary syndrome, usually resembles after a while.
• Light sensitivity is a condition in which it is impossible to look at light.
• Dizziness and nausea - can disappear after a couple of hours, in the worst case, evidence of a concussion.
• The increase in temperature is an alarming symptom, indicating complications and a possible inflammatory process.

Classification of bruises

If the girl bruised her eyes, what should she do? First of all, it is necessary to determine the severity of the injury. In total, four of them are distinguished, each of which is characterized in its own way.

First degree bruise:

• Pain is not very strong, tolerant;
• The perception of the surrounding world worsens slightly;
• Presence of small bruising;
• Swelling of the cornea of the eye;
• Decreased pupil, poor response to light;
• The retina acquires a grayish shade.

Contusion of the second degree:

• Well-felt impulsive pain;
• Fear of light;
• Abundant tear;
• Vision deteriorates noticeably;
• The eye is completely covered by hemorrhages;
• The damaged conjunctiva is destroyed;
• The mucosa is prone to erosion;
• Pupils are dilated and do not respond to light stimuli;

Contusion of the third degree:

• Pain is obvious, very strong;
• Fear of light rays;
• Tearing;
• Vision falls so much that it is almost completely lost.
• The fundus is completely filled with blood;
• Can be a lens dislocation.

Fourth degree bruise:

• Complete destruction of the structure of the eye;
• The optic nerve is torn off;
• The lens dislocates;
• Vision is lost.

Consequences of injury

In addition to this symptomatology, with a severe injury, very serious consequences can also appear:

• Disorders in the structure of the retina or its detachment. It occurs when the capillaries do not withstand the force of impact and are torn. The risk group includes people with retinal dystrophy and other pathologies.
• Problems with the cornea. Cataracts may develop traumatic, clouding or even destruction of the lens.
• Ligament rupture. If they are damaged in the first place, the lens suffers, it loses its transparency.
• Iris rupture leads to the fact that the pupil loses the functions of constriction and expansion, that is, it ceases to respond to light. This indicates damage to nerve endings.
• Bleeding inside the eye - speaks about the probability of detachment of the retina and further deterioration of visual functions, manifests itself a minute after receiving the blow.

First aid with a strong injury

If there is a bruise of the eye in the child or in the adult (the actions will be the same in both cases), first of all you need to call an ambulance. However, before her arrival, you need to help the victim. You can alleviate his condition in the following ways:

• When acute pain compresses are applied with cold and periodically they are changed;
• You can apply a bandage impregnated with an antiseptic solution. This method saves and with photophobia.

As a rule, severe bruises are accompanied by severe consequences, so for competent diagnosis it is better to take the patient to a special eye center, since in a normal clinic there may not be a corresponding diagnostic equipment.

Diagnosis of severe bruises

Inspection of the damaged eye is performed by an ophthalmologist. It determines the degree of injury and determines which elements of this organ have been damaged. Methods of diagnosing injuries are as follows:

1. Ophthalmoscope examination. Used to study the bottom of the eyeball and is effective in the presence of obvious injuries of the retina. This method is inaccurate, so it is better to first extend the pupil. Otherwise, you can not see more than sixty percent of the retina.
2. Examination using the Goldman lens. Allows you to more closely examine the damage to hard-to-reach areas of the eye. The device with this lens is available in specialized and private clinics.
3. Eyesight check. A standard procedure is carried out using a table with letters. The correct method, which will show whether vision has fallen due to a bruise or not.
4. Gonioscopy . Inspect the anterior chamber of the eye. Pretty painful procedure, use pain medications.
5. Perimetry . Using a computer, the field of vision is examined , since traumas of this nature can lead to its violation.
6. Ultrasound . It allows to determine the clinical picture in the opacities of the cornea and the lens.
7. Tomography . Maybe computer, or maybe - magnetic resonance. In the first case, the eyeball and the intracranial region are examined. In the second, defects in the optic nerves and muscles are examined, and motor abilities are checked.

Treatment

With a strong bruise, the doctor will prescribe medication. Most often these are drops - supporting and antibacterial. They will help to remove the inflammation and prevent infection with infections. In addition to traditional methods, there are people's methods of eliminating strong bruises.

Bruised eye: treatment with folk methods

These medicinal recipes, which can be prepared at home, will help only when removing the edema, reducing bruising and eliminating pain. In more complex cases, such methods can not be dispensed with.

1 way

One bulb is passed through a meat grinder and a teaspoon of sugar is added to the resulting gruel. Stir and apply to the site of the bruise for twenty minutes. This will ease the swelling and reduce pain.

2 way

Lotion of soda. Prepare the solution - a glass of warm water put a teaspoon of soda. You need to apply several times a day to relieve hemorrhage and bruising.

3 way

If there is no bruising, then for the relief of pain a mixture of turmeric and ginger in equal proportions. Add a little water to get the gruel. It is laid out by eye and covered with cellophane.

After the swelling is gone, the residual effects can be cured with heat. It favorably affects damaged tissues, promotes their healing.

Very good help cabbage lotion.

Fresh cabbage leaves are cleaned from the core and poured with boiling water for several minutes. Then apply to the affected area. Do this procedure at least twice a day, keep for about two hours.

Remember that independent treatment can only exacerbate the situation. Therefore, all the same it is worth to visit a doctor and get his advice.

Treatment of bruises with medicamental methods

If the consequences of a severe injury are not so serious and do not require surgical intervention, then the doctor can prescribe a number of drugs that will help cure a severe injury. The most effective medicines are listed below:

• "Diclofenac" - relieves inflammation, reduces fever, fever and fever, reduces swelling, eliminates pain.
• "Indomethacin" - stops the inflammatory process, stops the pain syndrome.
• "Suprastin" - reduces the activity of histamine, is a stimulant.

In addition to tablets, with a strong eye contusion accompanied by complications, eye drops are good. They are discharged after surgery. Usually the full course of these drugs does not exceed ten days.

• "Ciprofloxacin" - a drug that destroys microbes and bacteria, has a low toxicity.
• "Ofloksatsin" - a medicine against microbes, has a wide sector of action.
• "Pikloksidin" - is characterized by antiseptic properties.

Any trauma to the eye is dangerous, because this organ is very fragile, and you need to take responsibility for its health. That's why you should not neglect medical help with a strong injury.