Russian poets of the 20th century. Creativity of poets of 19-20 centuries

The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky said that "in the literature of the 19th century, great gusts of spirit, the minds and hearts of true artists are imprinted." This is reflected in the writings of writers of the 20th century. After the revolution of 1905, the First World War and the Civil War, the world began to disintegrate. There has come a social disharmony, and the problem to return all the former takes on the literature. In Russia, independent philosophical thought began to awaken, new trends in art appeared, writers and poets of the 20th century overestimated values and abandoned old morals.

What is it, literature at the turn of the century?

In place of classicism in art came modernism, which can be divided into several branches: symbolism, acmeism, futurism, imagism. Realism continued to flourish, depicting the inner world of man in accordance with his social position; Socialist realism did not allow criticism of power, so writers in their work tried not to raise political problems. After the golden age, silver followed with its new bold ideas and diverse themes. Poems of the 20 th century poets were written in accordance with a certain flow and style: for Mayakovsky is characterized by the writing of a ladder, for Khlebnikov - his numerous occasionalisms, for Severyanin - an unusual rhyme.

From Futurism to Socialist Realism

In symbolism, the poet concentrates his attention on a certain symbol, a hint, therefore the meaning of the work can be multivalued. The main representatives were Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. They were in constant search of eternal ideals, while turning to mysticism. In 1910 there was a crisis of symbolism - all ideas were already dismantled, and the reader could not find anything new in the poems.

Futurism completely denied the old traditions. In translation, the term means "the art of the future", writers attracted the public with epatage, rudeness and clarity. Poems of representatives of this trend - Vladimir Mayakovsky and Osip Mandelstam - are distinguished by original composition and occasionalisms (author's words).

Socialist realism set as its goal the education of the working people in the spirit of socialism. Writers portrayed the specific situation in society in revolutionary development. Of the poets Marina Tsvetaeva was particularly distinguished, and from the prose writers Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Yevgeny Zamyatin.

From Acmeism to New Peasant Lyrics

Imagism arose in Russia in the first years after the revolution. Despite this, Sergei Esenin and Anatoly Mariengof did not reflect socio-political ideas in their work. Representatives of this direction argued that poems should be imaginative, so they did not skimp on metaphors, epithets and other means of artistic expressiveness.

Representatives of the new peasant lyricism turned in their works to folklore traditions, admired the rural way of life. Such was the Russian poet of the 20th century Sergei Yesenin. His poems are pure and spiritual, and the author described in them nature and simple human happiness, referring to the traditions of Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. After the revolution of 1917, a brief enthusiasm was replaced by disappointment.

The term "acmeism" in translation means "flowering time". Poets of the 20th century Nikolai Gumilev, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam and Sergei Gorodetsky returned to the past of Russia in their work and welcomed joyous admiration for life, clarity of thoughts, simplicity and brevity. They seemed to recede from difficulties, flowed smoothly downstream, assuring that the unknowable can not be known.

Philosophical and psychological saturation of the Bunin lyric poetry

Ivan Alekseevich was a poet living at the junction of two eras, so in his work reflected some of the experiences associated with the onset of the new time, however, he continued the Pushkin tradition. In the poem "Evening" he informs the reader that happiness is not in material values, but in human existence: "I see, I hear, I am happy - everything is in me." In other works, the lyrical hero allows himself to reflect on the transience of life, which becomes an occasion for sadness.

Bunin is engaged in writing activities in Russia and abroad, where many poets of the early 20th century go after the revolution. In Paris, he feels like a stranger - "a bird has a nest, a beast eats a beast," and lost his native land. Bunin finds his salvation in talent: in 1933 he receives the Nobel Prize, but in Russia he is considered an enemy of the people, but they do not cease to print.

Sensual poet, poet and brawler

Sergei Yesenin was an Imagist and did not create new terms, but revived dead words, enclosing them in vivid poetic images. From school he became famous as a mischievous person and carried this quality through his whole life, he was a regular of taverns, famous for his love affairs. Nevertheless, he passionately loved his homeland: "I will sing the sixth part of the earth with the whole poet's essence with the title" Rus "- many poets of the 20th century shared his admiration for the native land., Esenin's philosophical lyrics reveal the problem of human existence." After 1917, the poet is disappointed in Revolution, because instead of the long-awaited paradise, life became like hell.

Night, street, street lamp, pharmacy ...

Alexander Blok is the most brilliant Russian poet of the 20th century, who wrote in the direction of "symbolism". It is interesting to observe how from the collection to the collection there is an evolution of the female image: from the Beautiful Lady to the ardent Carmen. If at first he deifies the object of his love, faithfully serves him and does not dare to discredit, later the girls seem to him more mundane beings. Through the beautiful world of Romanticism, he finds sense, after going through life's difficulties, responds in his poems to events of public importance. In the poem "Twelve" he conveys the idea that revolution is not the end of the world, and its main goal is the destruction of the old and the creation of a new world. Readers remembered Blok as the author of the poem "Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy ...", in which he pondered the meaning of life.

Two female writers

Philosophers and poets of the 20th century were mostly men, and their talent was revealed through so-called muse. Women created themselves, under the influence of their own mood, and the most outstanding poetess of the Silver Age were Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva. The first was the wife of Nikolai Gumilev, and in their union was born the famous historian Lev Gumilev. Anna Akhmatova did not show interest in exquisite stanzas - her poems could not be put on music, the means of artistic expressiveness were rare. The predominance of yellow and gray in the description, the poor and non-brightness of objects lead to longing for the readers and allow to reveal the true mood of the poetess who survived the shooting of her husband.

The fate of Marina Tsvetaeva is tragic. She ended her life by suicide, and two months after her death her husband Sergei Efron was shot . For readers it is forever remembered by a little blond woman, connected with nature by blood ties. Especially often in her work appears the berry of the mountain ash, which forever entered the heraldry of her poetry: "The brush of ash of the rowan tree was kindled, the leaves fell down." I was born. "

What is unusual poetry poems of the 19-20 centuries?

In the new century, the master of pen and word approved new forms and themes of their works. The poems-messages to other poets or friends remained actual. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich surprises with his work "Toast". He does not place a single punctuation mark in it, he does not leave any gaps between words, but his originality lies in another: looking through the text with his eyes from a line to a line, you can see how some of the capital letters that form the message stand out among other words: Valery Bryusov from the author .

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The creativity of poets of the 20th century amazes with its originality. Vladimir Mayakovsky also remembered that he created a new form of stanza - "ladder". The poet wrote poetry on any occasion, but spoke little of love; He was studied as an unsurpassed classic, printed by millions, the audience loved him for his shock and innovation.