Education, History
Russian aircraft of World War II. The First Russian Aircraft
During the war, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics significantly increased and improved the base of its air fleet. If in the thirties the air fleet was dominated by foreign-made aircraft, then by the middle of the war Russian military aircraft dominated.
Preconditions for the development of Soviet military aviation
- obsolete models of devices;
- poor technical condition of aircraft;
- non-unification (a wide range of models and brands did not allow to optimize the base of spare parts).
Formation of military aviation before World War II
Soviet power invested large personnel and financial resources in Russian aircraft. By the second pre-war five-year period, aircraft manufacturers had a wide production base for the full cycle. The task of Secretary General Stalin for the creation of modern aviation was being carried out . In the mid-thirties test flights of the first Soviet bomber, hidden under a civilian transport ship, passed. The first Russian aircraft, which later participated in the fighting of World War II, was prepared by such aviators as Levanevsky, Vodopyanov, Grizodubov, and others.
Tests of fighters were also conducted abroad. For example, in Spain in 1937. Then the Polikarpov, I-15 and I-16 types were tested. However, the results were disappointing. Machines significantly lost to their German competitors.
Stalin did not skimp on the premiums and resources allocated to designers for Russian aircraft. The fighters received radio sensing, and also due to the development of materials science new mixed designs, which significantly improved the tactical and technical characteristics of combat vehicles.
Aircraft construction on the eve of the war
Ratio. Bombers and fighters
Due to the designers Russian planes were brought to an essentially new level. Also, M-25 engines with a capacity of 715 horsepower with air cooling, M-100 power of 750 horsepower, which used a water cooling system, were designed and put into operation. The maximum altitude of flights also increased and amounted to 14-15 thousand meters. The aircraft acquired a more streamlined form, the air resistance of the apparatus decreased. The growth of production spurred the introduction of stamping and stream casting.
By 1941, Mig, Yak and LAGG were considered the most successful of the fighter planes developed in the Soviet Union. Il-2 was recognized as a problem, which was constantly modified. According to the strategy of "Clear Sky", it was planned to release about 100,000 SU-2 aircraft, for which an unprecedented call was made to the air force.
The War Begins
In six months of military operations, the production of aircraft dropped by almost four times. This was due to the fact that the Germans came close to Moscow, and had to evacuate a significant production capacity, which were producing parts for the aircraft industry. Therefore, in 1941 the plan for the production of all types of military aircraft was fulfilled only by 40 percent.
With the launch of evacuated enterprises, the situation improved significantly, and by 1944 aerodromes were receiving about 100 combat vehicles daily. Absolutely all models were modernized. Of the improved, it is worth highlighting Yak-3, LA-5, IL-10, PE-2, Yak-9.
Growth rates can be tracked by years:
- 1942 - 25,400 vehicles.
- 1943 - 34,900 vehicles.
- 1944 - 40 300 cars.
By 1944, the Soviet Union surpassed Fascist Germany in terms of the number of aircraft in 2.7 times. One of the factors was the assembly speed. The design of our fighters was much more primitive than that of German and American manufacturers. Of course, not always the quality of manufactured aviation products was in favor of the Soviet aircraft industry.
Russian aircraft of World War II. SU-2
SU-2 is one of the first bombers to enter the war. He carried out various tasks. Subsequently, it was upgraded to SU-4.
Yak-9
Of the fighters who participated in the Second World War, it is worth highlighting this particular model. Even if you compare the photos of Russian planes, Yak-9 has its own external style. It was developed in 1942. The base was a Yak-7b fighter. By replacing the wooden parts with aluminum, the weight of the fighter was significantly reduced. Armament on board consisted of a large-caliber machine gun and one gun. The aircraft had excellent flying qualities, maneuvered well and was easily operated. He also won the previous models in maximum speed and range. These figures became record for all aircraft of the class of 1944. All these properties allowed to fight with dignity the leading military aircraft of the enemy.
Production of the aircraft took several years after the end of hostilities. A total of about 16,800 combat vehicles were produced in several modifications.
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