Refrigerators are ... The refrigerator on the "Gazelle" (photo)

Delivery of goods is given special attention, especially when it comes to food and perishables. In this case, it is necessary to preserve not only the presentable appearance as long as possible, but also to ensure that the cargo does not lose its properties. Very often, refrigerators are used for this. This is the most optimal solution for today, if it is a question of some special conditions of transportation.

Refrigerator, what is it

Refrigerated cars are vehicles that are equipped with a special refrigeration unit and are capable of regulating the temperature regime inside the body. Modern machines can create conditions with a temperature of +12 and -20 degrees. The main task, during the use of this type of product is to create the necessary conditions for maintaining the goods in proper condition, during transportation or during temporary storage. As a rule, a refrigerator is installed on trucks. All because they have more power of the engine, which allows to ensure a normal and continuous operation of refrigeration equipment.

Design

The general structure of all machines is similar. As a rule, it is a car with a thermally insulated body. To achieve this effect, duralumin sheets are used, as the skin. The refrigerator, the photo of which is presented below, is made of galvanized iron. Between the sheets an insulator is installed, which can be used as a foam, or a special foil made of aluminum, with small air layers.

Semitrailers

The semitrailer is made, like most thermo vans. It is a cargo refrigerator with an isothermal body. In this embodiment, sandwich panels are used, made of sheet metal using a foam plastic insulator, or glass wool, or combined variants that involve the installation of both the first and the second. Such machines are used for transportation of perishable, as well as frozen products, defrosting of which is highly undesirable. Such cars are characterized by maximum reliable isolation, which can guarantee compliance with all temperature conditions.

The design is divided into three components:

- chassis (base machine);

- body made of isothermal panels, or heat insulating material;

- the refrigerating unit itself, or the compressor performing its role.

In the CIS countries, there is a division of similar semi-trailers into isothermals, based on black metal and insulation, as well as thermo vans made of panels. In Europe, such a fundamental division does not exist, but food products are transported only in cars, the body of which is assembled from panels.

Classification by temperature

There are several types of equipment, it all depends on the level of temperature maintained inside the empty car. There are 6 classes:

- "A" - a class that provides for the temperature to be maintained by the refrigerator in the area from +12 to zero.

- "B" - from +12 to -10.

- "C" - from +12 and inclusive up to -20.

- "D" - the temperature is less, or equal to +2.

- "E" - the operating mode is -10, or less.

- "F" is the same, only at -20.

The work of such a machine must provide all the necessary conditions, regarding the operating temperature, for at least 12 hours, without performing additional maintenance, as well as other works not provided for by the operating parameters. The refrigerator on the "Gazelle" is installed because this truck has established itself as a fast and maneuverable car. As a result, the delivery takes less than 12 hours, which corresponds to all the temperature requirements.

Similar conditions and classification were developed by European enterprises involved in the regulation of the transport of rapidly deteriorating goods.

Classification by design

There are two main options for the performance of refrigerators. This is an option on the chassis of a semi-trailer or tractor, together with embedded floor panels made in the form of sandwiches. The second type of performance - on a specialized chassis, which is intended only for use with a ready-made floor panel carrier. The latter is attached directly to the chassis frame. The second variant differs slightly reduced overall weight and increased load capacity. In some cases, to make the car easier, the design is made semi-framed. This method is often used when it is necessary to install a refrigerator on the "Gazelle".

There are some disadvantages of this variant, which should not be forgotten. The most important - there is a risk of the appearance of various kinds of cracks and deformations at the junction of the frame and the car's anchorage site.

Many manufacturers began to produce so-called modular structures. This option allows you to disassemble the machine if necessary, leaving the frame, and use it for other works. After this - it can be assembled and re-operated as a refrigerator.

In operation, special attention should be paid to the state of the metal sheathing. If there is corrosion or other mechanical damage, it will be very difficult to restore the tightness. This requirement is advanced to the question of installing additional doors for refrigerators. This is convenient, but only when loading. If the machine will work with a refrigeration unit, it is better not to break the tightness, as well as the thermal insulation of the housing. All elements must correspond to each other, as well as to the previously declared temperature class.

When choosing the thickness of the walls, the manufacturer is guided basically by the requirements for maintaining the given climate.

Specification by principle of operation

There are only two options, to which the refrigerators are divided. This is a system of accumulation, as well as machine cooling.

In the first variant, special plates are used to maintain the required temperature, which are pre-filled with a special solution, and then frozen. A separate external source is used for such events. Similar designs have become widespread for intraurban goods movements.

For long-distance, as well as intercity transportation, machine cooling is installed. As a working fluid, the so-called refrigerant is used. It circulates in a closed circuit, which includes a compressor, a special receiver, as well as a capacitor and a control unit. During work, heat is given to the external environment. It is worth noting that these options can work in the reverse order - for heating. This is useful when transporting certain types of goods.