Prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of cancer: best practices

According to the report of the World Health Organization, about 8 million people die of cancer worldwide each year. The main methods of cancer treatment to date are chemotherapy and radiation exposure. Unfortunately, they cause significant side effects, because not only cancer cells attack, but also healthy ones.

Cancer is more than any other disease, requires new effective methods of diagnosis and treatment. Work on such methods is conducted in the best world laboratories. Developed countries generously provide money for this, because officials who administer medicine are afraid of cancer, like all other people. Below is an overview of prospective studies in the first half of 2016 on the fight against various cancers.

Blood test for early cancer diagnosis

Oncological diseases create a significant burden on the human immune system, forcing it to work beyond the limits of opportunities. As you know, part of the immune system is white blood cells - leukocytes. Scientists have suggested that white blood cells of people with cancer, but not yet having obvious symptoms, under the influence of ultraviolet irradiation will break down faster and stronger than the leukocytes of healthy people.

For the study, blood samples were taken from cancer patients, as well as in healthy volunteers, and the authors of the new diagnostic method did not know who owns which samples. Leukocytes of cancer patients were less tenacious than white blood cells of healthy people. A blood test, which is simpler and cheaper than the diagnostic methods that are now widely used, correctly identified 94 healthy people, 58 cancer patients and 56 other patients who had a precancerous stage of the disease.

The study described above involved patients with melanoma, as well as lung and intestinal cancer. The next step, which is currently planned, is to test a new diagnostic method on other types of cancer involving more patients. In another study, the results of which were recently published, found that the level of certain amino acids - valine, leucine and isoleucine - increases in the blood in patients with pancreatic cancer for another 1-10 years before the disease manifests itself with some symptoms.

The slowdown in the spread of cancer in the body

Suppose that the diagnostic methods improve, allowing to detect the cancer at an earlier stage. But what's next? Oncological diseases cause a fatal outcome, when spread from the source organ throughout the body. This is called metastases. Scientists are trying to slow their development and thus extend life to patients. Stanford University recently synthesized a new protein, which, perhaps, can solve this problem.

On the surface of cancer cells among other molecules is the protein Axl. In order for the tumor to give metastases, this protein must be connected to a protein called Gas6 and circulates in the blood. If these proteins are able to connect, some of the cancer cells are separated from the large colony, enters the bloodstream and travels to other organs to develop metastases.

Scientists synthesized a protein-bait, which is 100 times more efficiently connected to Gas6, leaving Axl out of business. The effectiveness of the new treatment was investigated in laboratory mice with cancer. The rate of formation of metastatic nodules in breast cancer decreased by 78%, and in ovarian cancer - by 90%. Unfortunately, in the original article in English nothing is reported about the planning of research in humans, as well as about testing a new method on other types of cancer.

Destruction of cancer cells without side effects

To successfully treat cancer, you need not only to block the spread of metastases, but also completely destroy the colony of cancer cells. The main methods of treatment that are used today are x-ray irradiation and chemotherapy. They resemble carpet bombing by causing mass casualties among civilians, and not only among villains. Patients desperately need new effective methods of treating cancer that do not harm healthy tissues.

Scientists are trying to put on the treatment of cancer treatment with the help of nanoparticles. These are molecules that have a diameter of only a few millionths of a meter. The opportunity to work with such small objects appeared only recently, in this century. Nanotechnology promises to solve a lot of global problems of mankind over time, and not only to overcome oncological diseases. For the treatment of cancer, try to use nanoparticles based on iron oxide, as well as containing gold.

Nanoparticles with the help of magnets can be brought to a cancerous tumor in the body of the patient. After that, they are heated by a laser beam, causing them to explode and destroy cancer cells. Also, nanoparticles can be combined with the drugs used for chemotherapy before being introduced into the body. In this case, the nanoparticles will serve as an accurate means of delivering the medicine to the site of its action. Different ways to treat cancer using nanoparticles have already been tested in laboratory mice. Studies have shown that only 3-6% of the standard dose of chemotherapy and X-ray irradiation are required to kill cancer cells. At the same time, minimal damage is caused to healthy tissues surrounding the cancerous tumor.

Breakthrough in cancer treatment is getting ready, but it is not yet available

There is a high probability that some of the methods described above, in the coming years will lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, the history of the fight against cancer contains many examples of disappointing failures. Various methods, which at first seemed promising, failed in human studies. Therefore, scientists who conduct research at the forefront of science are very cautious in their forecasts.

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