Proper feeding of trees and shrubs in the spring

Feeding trees and shrubs in the spring is one of the components of a high crop. It should be produced taking into account the age of the plantations, the quality of the soil and the availability of irrigation. Three fertilizer whales for fruit bushes and trees are potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Types of fertilizers

Top dressing of trees and shrubs in the early spring is carried out either by mineral or organic substances.

Mineral fertilizers are divided into simple and complex. The difference between them is how many components are included in their composition. If one, then this is a simple mineral fertilizer, two or more are complex. They are also subdivided into groups according to the main component in the composition - nitrogen, phosphorus and potash.

The basis of organic fertilizers is rotted organic - manure, litter, compost and green fertilizers.

Top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers

Top dressing of fruit trees and shrubs in early spring with mineral fertilizers requires a cautious approach. The main thing in this form of fertilizer is a measure, otherwise it can be harmful not only to the plant, but also to the earth and people.

Nitrogen fertilizers include:

• Ammonium sulfate. This substance acidifies the soil and poorly dissolves in it, so it is better to make it from autumn. To improve the properties, it is possible to add 1.5 kg of lime to 1 kg of ammonium sulphate.
• Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is a rapidly soluble substance. The action of ammonium nitrate is fast and effective on non-acidic soils. Plants absorb it well and react to it. If the soil itself is acidified, it is better to dilute ammonium nitrate with limestone flour in a 1: 1 ratio. This neutralizes acidity. This type of fertilizer can be applied both in the spring and in autumn at the rate of 150-200 kg per hectare, if this is the main component, and 100-150 kg for the same area in the form of fertilizing.
• Another effective fertilizing of trees and shrubs in the spring is urea (carbamide). This fertilizer is highly concentrated and very effective for increasing yields. It can be placed directly under the roots of fruit bushes and trees at the time of loosening the soil or through irrigation, if you use the liquid form of the concentrate.

The main requirement that should be observed when using nitrogen fertilizers is compliance with the instructions for use, proper dosing and safety during storage and application to the soil.

Top dressing with phosphorus and potash fertilizers

Phosphoric and potash fertilizers help plants adapt to the external environment, make them frost-resistant and strong. They also affect the quantity and quality of the crop.

Phosphorus fertilizers should be made deeper into the earth, as they are poorly absorbed, and it is recommended to do this in the early spring during the first digging of the soil. The most popular phosphorus additives are superphosphate (based on sulfur, gypsum) and phosphoric flour, which is used on acidic soils.

Greater demand for superphosphate is due to its rapid absorption of roots of trees and shrubs. When planting seedlings, it is sufficient to add from 400 to 600 g of superphosphate in each planting hole. For adults of perennial plants, the fertilizing rate is 40-60 g per 1 m ^{2 of the} near-range circle.

The property of phosphorus fertilizers is the rapid growth of a plant and the development of a powerful root system. You can also note the qualitative changes in the taste of berries and fruits and the amount of harvest.

Potassium fertilizer in its pure form is better not to use, and dilute with zinc, iron or nitrogen substances. The most popular type of potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, in which chlorine and sodium are not harmful to plants.

Feeding trees and shrubs in the spring with potassium fertilizers provides a good harvest. The lack of potassium in the soil affects the size of the fruit and their taste. Potassium sulphate can be added to any kind of soil at dosage for top dressing of 20-25 g per 1 m ² . The best effect is provided by a mixture of phosphate fertilizers with potash fertilizers.

Nourishing of seedlings

The quantity and quality of fertilizers depends solely on the composition of the soil, but the feeding of garden trees and shrubs in the spring, especially before planting seedlings, is mandatory.

The presence of phosphorus in the soil is especially important for saplings, since it influences their growth and rapid adaptation. To make a bookmark of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers should be before the seedlings are planted.

It is best to do this in a layer deeper than the hole, under a tree or a bush. It is also important that fertilizers are immediately laid in a large number, with the expectation of several years. Feeding trees and shrubs in the spring with phosphorus is important only for young trees, as it stimulates their rapid growth.

Other fertilizers to trees under two years can not be given unless the soil has been completely drained before. Otherwise, it should first be thoroughly fertilized and restored, and only then lay the garden.

Feeding with organic substances

Organic fertilizers are natural and natural for trees and shrubs. They began to be used long before the chemical industry appeared. They enrich and improve the composition of the soil without harm to it.

Feeding of trees and bushes in spring with manure is the most common procedure for summer residents. This is the most affordable and cheap kind of fertilizing with a full set of necessary components for plants - boron, manganese, cobalt, copper and molybdenum. The best for top dressing of trees and bushes is horse manure and droppings of birds. They are most full of the necessary trace elements for plant growth and high yield. The liquid form of top dressing of fruit and berry crops is most often used.

To obtain a solution, any container is half filled with manure, and poured over with water, after which they should be thoroughly mixed. In a month, the resulting mixture can be used at a rate of 1 liter per 6-8 liters of water. If the soil is dry, then the solution should be made more liquid. A more dense fertilizer is introduced into the moist soil.

If you plan to fertilize fruit trees and shrubs in April, then, respectively, should lay the solution in March.

Composting

Peat and humus are types of organic fertilizers that can be used both independently and in the form of compost. Compost is made from manure, peat or various garbage - food or fallen leaves and leaves. These are fermented plant residues, which were artificially prepared during the year. To do this, you need to choose a place that does not fill with water, and add all the components mixed with the ground there.

As the compost heap grows, it should be moistened so that the rotting takes place more intensively. It is recommended to cover the compost with a black film, which does not allow the moisture to evaporate and at the same time attracts the sun's heat. For better decay, plant waste and manure can be poured in layers of slaked lime, and in order for oxygen to be available, layers of twigs and straw are used that allow the compost to "breathe".

The finished composition can be used after 1-2 years. This is the cleanest and most useful fertilizer that perfectly influences both the plants themselves and the ground.

Top dressing of stone fruit trees

For good development and growth of stone fruit trees, good nutrition is essential. Fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in March is the key to a good harvest, as this helps plants to move away from hibernation more quickly.

It is very convenient to give the first portion of fertilizer, when there is snow under the trees. As it melts, useful substances will flow into the soil and feed the roots. If the stone-bearing tree is young, then it is better to begin top dressing for the second year of its growth. To do this, it is sufficient to use urea at a rate of 20 g / 1 m ² . It should be introduced only in the spring. In the autumn, you can add phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

When the stone fruit trees - cherry, plum, apricot and others - enter the fruiting period, you should make up to 10 kg of manure or compost, 20-25 g of urea, 60 g of simple or 30 g of double superphosphate and 200 g of wood ash per square meter.

Feeding of pomegranate trees

For pome fruits, the best fertilizer in April will be nitrogen compounds, which stimulate the growth of their shoots. If the tree yields a weak crop, it is additionally recommended to add urea in the ratio of 5 g / 1 m ^{2 of the} stubble circle. For adult trees, top dressing is carried out along the perimeter of the whole crown.

It is very useful to use rows in the garden for sowing with cultivated herbs, such as white clover, meadow fescue and others. They should be mowed as they grow and leave under the trees. At the same time, you can not fertilize the garden with organic substances, but add only mineral fertilizers.

Feeding of berry bushes

To ensure that the berry yields good yields, the land should be prepared and fertilized in advance. For example, for a blackcurrant need moistened places, and for raspberries, red currants and gooseberries - well-lit warm sections of the garden.

Laying in the soil of fertilizers should be done abundantly. Manure, humus or compost is applied at a rate of 500 kg per 100 m ² . From mineral fertilizers, berry crops are suitable for phosphorus and potassium.

If the laying of the berry was carried out correctly, then the next couple of years, you can significantly reduce the fertilizing of the soil.