Principles of the budget process: types and content

The budgetary process is the activity of state and regional bodies on the formation and execution of the budget and the preparation of reporting on it. Budgetary activity is regulated by law. As a procedural phenomenon, the budget process is divided into several stages and is about 3.5 years with respect to the duration of the budget for 1 year. The length of time during which procedures of the budgetary process take place is called in the economic science the budget cycle.

Traditionally, the concept and principles of the budget process, its content are determined by many factors, the main of which are the form of the state-territorial structure of the country, laws regulating budgetary activity and a system of bodies that have budgetary powers and implement them. The system of bodies in question is determined and established also by the legislation of the country.

To ensure the effective implementation of the budget, the convenience of its use in its formation, the principles of the budgetary process are applied - the most significant provisions that establish and regulate the main procedures of the budget process. Based on the federal principle of building a state, the principles of organizing the budget process are formulated, first of all, on the basis of these conditions. Here are the most important of them.

The principle of unity and completeness provides that the current principles of the budgetary process, the budgetary process itself, operate on the territory of the Russian Federation and all federal subjects. This principle allows us to build a budgetary system so that it unites budgetary resources throughout the country and has organizational integrity and unification. The distribution of budgetary funds is carried out in accordance with the rules of the budget procedural law. It also establishes the amount of expenditure of budgetary resources for each subject of the federation.

The reality principle assumes that the necessary expenditures and incomes planned for the budget are planned taking into account the really necessary time for its compilation in all regions. At the same time, all sources of replenishment of the budget should be specified and taken into account, as well as real possibilities of these subjects to ensure budget revenues in the required amount. The reality principle establishes that the authorized bodies are required to disclose all the reserves that can be considered as budget resources, to determine the adequate amount of amounts that can be channeled to the social development of the state in general and of the region in particular.

The principles of the budgetary process publicity and publicity assume that any activity within it is open, covered in the media, subject to public discussion. The federal budget is formed through a comprehensive discussion of its parameters in all competent bodies - committees and commissions of representative bodies of all levels. The final decision on approving a budget of a given level is taken by the representative authority of the given region in accordance with the federal law. All these data should be made public, including, if the budget is not approved, and this information should indicate the reasons for its non-acceptance.

As stipulate the principles of the budget process, including, and considered, the establishment of such a term is due both economically and politically, because it provides an opportunity to monitor the development trends of the state.

The economic significance of this and other principles lies in the ability to more fully take into account the dynamics of the phenomena occurring in the world economy and politics, the impact of the technological process, the trends in the growth of labor productivity and national income.