Potato varieties in Belarus: early, medium, medium, medium late, Names, description, yield

In Belarus potato cultivation began in the second half of the 18th century. According to historical information, the demand for it grew gradually, and by the beginning of the XIX century the potato was widely spread. Sowing areas grew at a rapid pace. By the middle of the XIX century, potatoes became the main means of earning Belarusian landlords. The product was exported to Russia, Germany, the Baltic countries. Today Belarus occupies an honorable seventh place among the largest suppliers of potatoes in the world market.

The secret of success of the Belarusian potato

According to experts, the development of potato growing in Belarus can be explained:

• Favorable soil and climatic conditions;
• Availability of rich traditions in the field of product cultivation;
• High level of scientific support;
• Availability of technical facilities;
• Deep knowledge of agronomists;
• A favorable geographical position, conducive to the successful sale of the product.

Work of breeders

The new varieties were bred due to the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato. They enter into different groups of ripeness and have different purposes. Especially in large numbers, early and medium-term varieties of potato of Belarusian selection were bred.

They are very in demand among the owners of vegetable gardens, because they allow you to harvest in a short time. It is easier to harvest three potato crops per season, rather than wait for the late ripening of the most outlandish species.

New varieties of potato in Belarus fully meet the requirements of the world standard.

Potato varieties are:

• Early. The duration of growth and vegetation in them is short. They plant root crops in early April. The crop is harvested after 2 months. The disadvantage of this type is that the shelf life is not long.
• Middle-aged. They have less freakiness and are well preserved. Vegetation period lasts 60-80 days.
• Middle-ripening. The most common kind. Harvest is collected in early August. Duration of vegetation is from 80 to 100 days. These varieties are the most popular, as they are well preserved and have excellent taste.
• Mid-late. They are unpretentious. These varieties can carry winter storage. Additional sprouting is not required. Duration of vegetation is from 100 to 120 days.

Belarusian Research Institute of Potato Growing

The Institute was opened in 1956. To date, potato varieties in Belarus are derived by its specialists. During the entire existence of the institute, breeders received 100 new varieties. Before starting to plant a new species, it is tested for three years. A record for scientists was 1970, when a quarter of all the areas of the former Soviet Union were planted by the Belarusian "tempo" and "Loshitsky" varieties. The last species introduced in the institute was called the "manifesto".

Currently, the laboratory has more than 100 thousand new product samples. Breeding trials will be conducted for 12 years, after which they will choose the best variety. According to this scheme, breeding in Belarus has been carried out since 1927.

Over the past 20 years in Belarus, climatic conditions have changed. Earlier, the planting of potatoes began on May 5. Now they start it 2 weeks earlier. Therefore, there is a need to create new varieties adapted to the high temperature of the environment.

What new varieties to expect?

Universal potato varieties in Belarus will not be created. Scientists abandoned this idea. However, they are not alone in their opinion. This proposal is not considered by scientists around the world.

Special attention is paid to Belarusian varieties for processing. Potato breeding has already been carried out, which is suitable for the production of chips. There is an active work on the creation of root crops for French fries.

An absolutely new direction is the removal of potatoes for processing without preliminary warming up. Today, producers face the choice of preserving the product at a temperature of 8 ° C, suppressing its growth through inhibitors, or storing at a temperature of 2-4 ° C, which is most optimal for the root crop. In this case, before processing, potatoes should be heated at a temperature of 14-18 ° C for two weeks. This reduces the sugar content. Belarusian specialists make every effort to create such a variety, which requires storage at a temperature of 2-3 ° C without heating.

The attempt to create a transgenic potato variety was not successful

But attempts to create potato varieties in Belarus that are not subject to defeat by the Colorado beetle have not yet been successful. According to scientists, the pest is able to adapt even to the transgenic potato that produces toxic substances. Many institutes of the world stopped work in this direction, considering it senseless.

The chief head of the potato selection department at the Research Institute of Potato Growing in Belarus, Vadim Mikhanko, says that there is no potato-resistant potato. The landing is done in such a way as not to let the pest get used to the new variety. To this end, 80% of the transgenic potato is planted mixed with 20% of the usual. The scientists conducted an experiment. They planted only the transgenic potatoes into which the Colorado beetle was placed. 98% of pests were killed, and 2% survived and bred. The conclusion is this: in the pursuit of antidotes, scientists contribute to the breeding of new species of beetles.

Potatoes "Uladar"

This species belongs to the new early varieties. Has a table purpose. The height of the stems is medium, the trunk is half-straight. The stems are thin. The leaves of the plant are medium in size, the edges do not have denticles. Potatoes "ultradar" gives purple flowers.

Potato tubers have an oval shape. Yellow rind. Fruits smooth, with small eyes. The flesh also has a yellow color. The starch content is 17%. The yield level is 130-350 centners per hectare.

Potatoes "ultradar" unpretentious, has a high level of resistance to various diseases. All types of soils are suitable for planting this species. The variety was bred by Belarusian breeders. Potato is widely used in Russia. The tasters rated this grade at 7 points.

Variety "Scarves"

Potato "skarb" is the result of the work of breeders of the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato. The word itself means property. But in the Belarusian language he has a different meaning - wealth. The choice of such a name is not accidental. When digging out potato tubers are like gold nuggets. Tubers have an oval shape and yellow skin.

Refers to the table sort. The potato has white flowers. This species contains up to 17% starch. When boiling, it does not get dark. Has a resistance to disease. The variety is perfectly preserved. Can give 650 quintals per hectare.

Many breeders are of the opinion that the potato "scurf" can be used as a biological additive to the soil in order to purify from various harmful bacteria and fungi affecting plants.

Variety "zhuravinka"

Potatoes "zhuravinka" refers to the medium-late type of potatoes. The variety was received by Belarusian breeders. The plant has an average height. His flowers are purple. The form of tubers is oval. The fruits are covered with red peel. The flesh of the fetus is creamy in color.

The starch content in the product is up to 19%. The yield indicator is 640 centners per hectare. The potato "zhuravinka" has an excellent taste. This variety is resistant to infection by various viruses. For the inhabitants of Belarus it became the second bread because of high and stable yields.

Potato "Breeze"

This species belongs to the table medium-ripening variety. For its cultivation, any kind of soil is suitable. Stem of medium height, half-line. The leaves of the potato are green large. Waves along the edges are weakly expressed. The corolla has an average size and a violet color.

Potatoes "breeze" has light pink large flowers. Tuber has an oval shape. It is covered with eyes of medium depth. Rind slightly roughened, yellow in color. The flesh is also yellow. The level of starch is up to 15%. It has a wonderful taste. When cooking, this potato does not darken.

Potato "breeze" is resistant to diseases such as cancer, scab, wrinkled mosaic, but is susceptible to such a causative agent of diseases like the golden potato nematode.

Sort of "lily"

Potato "lilya" refers to the medium-early potato varieties. It was also developed by breeders of the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato. The plant has an average height. Leaves are green averages. Flowers are white.

Tubers of this variety have an oval shape. They are covered with a yellow peel. The flesh is cut in light yellow color. The starch content is 17%. The potatoes are delicious.

The variety is resistant to a disease such as cancer. Perfectly adaptable in all types of soils. This potato is suitable fertilizer minerals. This explains the high level of yield. The average figure is 400 quintals per hectare. When cooking, the potatoes do not crumble.

"Zorachka" variety

Potato "Zorachka" refers to the early-ripening table sort. The stalk of the plant is average. The leaf is a little green. The yield level is 254-316 quintals per hectare. Tuber has an oval shape, covered with small eyes.

The skin is yellow. Pulp is light yellow in color. This variety is perfectly preserved. Resistant to diseases such as cancer and late blight, occasionally amazed by the golden potato nematode.