Plan and analyze the lyrical work

How many poems are written, and in each of them the author wanted to convey to the reader a certain essence. It is not always immediately possible to understand what kind of meaning was laid, and for this an analysis of the lyrical work is necessary, that is, it is necessary to conduct an analysis that will lead to an in-depth reading of the work.

Introduction

In the center of the lyrical work there is always a hero, the meaning and essence of the poem must be sought in "key words", which are expressed in the experiences and thoughts of the hero. It is necessary to pay attention to metaphors, comparisons and other epithets in order to understand their role in the text, for which they are used by the author. Before analyzing the lyrical work of Lermontov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, it is necessary to draw up a plan or scheme, following which it will be possible to divide the poem into parts, get insight, make a conclusion, and then put all the pieces together to see the full picture and understand what I wanted to tell the author to my readers.

An approximate plan for analyzing the lyric work

Many are advised to begin the analysis with the history and time of creation, ie, to relate the poem created to the poet's life period, to historical events and cultural influences. The study of history will help to understand the poet's intention, his mood and ideological and moral position.

For example, Pushkin's poem "In the depths of Siberian ore ..." was written after the insurrection in 1825 in St. Petersburg and is dedicated to the Decembrists. And the work of AA Akhmatova "Petrograd, 1919" is devoted to the events of the October Revolution.

Here is how the scheme for analyzing the lyric work can look:

1. History of creation.
2. Genre of the work.
3. Ideological and thematic originality.
4. Composition.
5. Features of the lyric hero.
6. Artistic and expressive means.
7. Lexical means.
8. Use of syntactic figures and rhetorical phonetics.
9. Determining the size of the poem.
10. The place and role of the work in the poet's work.

Features of the genre

Analysis of the lyric work includes such a stage as the definition of a genre that expresses the poet's attitude to the depicted and sets a certain mood. There are such genres as poem, elegy, sonnet, song, hymn, ode, message.

Everyone knows that the hymn glorifies some event, a person or an image, which means that the work will have solemnity and admiration. But in the elegy sound sad thoughts, reasoning about the meaning of life, about human existence.

The identification of subjects (problems) in the work

How to identify the feature of the work? It is necessary to determine its pathos (in translation from Greek - a strong feeling that permeates the entire poem). There are the following types of pathos: heroic, lyrical, tragic, dramatic, satirical. This is what the definition of the subject will be, and hence the expression of the hero's inner world.

In addition to the subject matter, the plan for analyzing the lyrical work presupposes the study of problems, where the individual approach of the author is manifested, this is, as it were, a characteristic feature of the poet. For example, Pushkin believed that the poet is a prophet, and Lermontov argued that the poet is always a lonely person, and ordinary people will never understand him.

Features of the composition

The scheme for the analysis of the lyrical work consists of several points, one of which is the study of the composition of the work, i.e. the composition and arrangement of parts where the sequence is never random and has a semantic load.

Very often a technique is used such as repetition, which gives the product harmony, for example, the beginning and the end look the same - "Night, street, lantern, pharmacy ..." (A. Blok).

There are also other compositional techniques: sound repetition, where at the end of the verse lines there is rhyme and opposition, for example, two images. The composition is constructed in such a way that tension develops and intensifies with each line, and the author additionally uses reference points where the strongest artistic effects are.

Lyrical hero

The main thing in the lyric work is his hero, which means his feelings, emotions and feelings. It is through the hero's inner world that one can understand the position of the author and the features of his worldview. However, do not assume that the poet describes himself in the works, most likely, he conveys the characteristic state of people for a certain era. The image is created on the basis of the life experience of the poet, and the hero can be close in spirit, in a look at life, in experience, but has distinctive differences, and this persists in all verses. Therefore, before analyzing the lyrical work, examples can help to understand what heroes are encountered.

Nekrasov in his works defended citizenship and believed that through poetry one can express the thoughts of society. However, this does not mean that he was such a fighter for freedom and the rights of society, but he showed it in the poem "Poet and Citizen", where the dialogue is taking place, and the citizen calls the poet to action, because now is not the time to lie "on the stove", and the result Becomes the phrase "a poet you can not be, but a citizen must be", which says that you can not be alien to the interests of society.

Analysis of artistic and lexical means

In each poem the author uses trails, ie words and expressions, which are used not in the direct sense, but in the figurative. Carrying out the analysis of the lyrical work, it is important not only to find these paths, but also to understand why they are used in the text, why this type was chosen, and how this is typical for this poet. There are a large number of tropes, but most often apply the following: epithets, metaphors, oxymoron, comparisons, hyperbole, personification, irony.

In addition to such artistic means as trails, in the works also use syntactic figures (techniques for constructing text to enhance expressiveness and enhance emotional impact, such as an exclamation point or rhetorical question), as well as sound combinations, when, for example, several lines begin with One word, or words similar in sound were used.

Artistic means are widely used in poems, but also use lexical ones to create a certain style and theme. For example, the use of archaisms, historicisms, sublime synonyms, where the word eyes are replaced with pupils, lips on the lips, see - vizhd, etc.

Definition of the system of versification and features of the stanza

Yamb, trochee, dactyl - all these are the sizes by which poems are written. It is necessary to understand the size when you need to analyze the lyrical work, as it creates a certain mood and emotional state.

The work of Lermontov "Prayer" is a four-legged iambic, written dynamically, clearly and harmoniously, like prayer itself. Lev Tolstoy's poem "If you love, so without reason ..." is written in a four-legged chorea, it sets the mood for cheerfulness, fun, mischief and cheerfulness.

The stanza or stanza is a group of verses that is repeated in the work and combined by a common rhyme. The following stanzas are distinguished:

• Couplet.
• Tertzin - consists of three-line.
• The quatrain.
• Fifth.
• Sextin.
• Celstischie.
• Octave.
• Nona.
• The tenth.

Analysis of the lyrical work: examples

On the example of poems can be traced a few topics that in different centuries were sung by poets. The theme of love often sounded in Pushkin's poems, the most famous of them is "I remember a wonderful moment ...", where the problem of the relationship between man and woman is revealed, where the poet tries to convey to everyone how fleeting love can be, and that it will never happen again .

The theme of nature was often sung by Tyutchev and Yesenin. In the poem "Birch", Sergei Esenin described the landscapes, animals, the feelings of the hero, which he feels, looking at nature.

Philosophical lyrics were traced in the themes of the search for the meaning of life. For example, in A. Fet's poem "We are not allowed to foresee", the problem of being, life and death, human existence and its purpose is being investigated.

Understanding what theme the poet has chosen will help to make an initial plan for analyzing the lyrical work and will simplify his study. In addition to the above examples, the authors also created poems about friendship, loneliness, about the homeland and life of the people, about the freedom and purpose of the poet.

The composition-analysis of the lyrical work assumes that the one who does this has a certain knowledge in literature, can distinguish iambic from chorea, understand where some artistic and lexical means are used to see the main essence of the work.

The analysis is not easy, and it takes time, but when you get to the true meaning, which is embedded in the poem, you understand the poet better and the time in which he lived.