Philosophy: the history of Russian philosophy from ancient times to the XIX century

Disputes about the existence of pure Russian philosophy and its meaning continue endlessly. Analyzed are more and more opening, new, translated into modern language sources. Was there any philosophy at all for the Slavs? The history of Russian philosophy begins with Ancient Rus, and its most flourishing came at the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX century.

The origins of Russian philosophy

Philosophy in ancient Russia in its pure form as such was not, since Russia was totally religious. They took Greek and Byzantine philosophy and translated into the language of that time, the language of Cyril and Methodius, above all the part that was associated with Christianity, with the lives of saints. Philosophy came here as a kind of collateral context. But it still was. And it is no accident that one of the brothers, considered enlighteners, Cyril, was called a philosopher. This title was very high. Above him was only the title of theologian.

The first Russian philosophical document is "The Word of Law and Grace," written by Metropolitan Illarion. "Word" was created in the tradition of the Byzantine homiletics. This is a sermon read in the church, above the tomb of Prince Vladimir, the Baptist of Russia. It begins with a parable from the Old Testament, then appeals to the New, and then follows the moral of what gave the Christianity in general.

Of course, for Rusich it was important what lived Byzantium, until it fell in 1453. Although these relationships were not so close.

Basically, from the need to explain the world order and relations with God and the state arises in philosophy. The history of Russian philosophy is further complicated.

The best books on the history of Russian philosophy

The history of Russian philosophy is further complicated, because often philosophers in Russia were persecuted, of course, by the government. This was written by Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky. "The history of Russian philosophy," his book, tells us that the persecution ended only in 1860. But only in 1909 Russian philosophy "breathed" with new force, and even then the revolution of 1917 completely destroyed all the works. In the book of Lossky all the way is reflected, that the Russian philosophy has passed. The History of Russian Philosophy was the first book of its kind. However, in her native country she was banned. It was first published in English, in 1951, then translated into other languages, and in Russia it was published only in 1991. There were, of course, copies in Russian even before that - from the members of the Central Committee of the CPSU, but to ordinary people the works of Nikolai Onufrievich were inaccessible.

Another work on this topic was written by Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zenkovsky. The History of Russian Philosophy was published in two volumes in 1948-1950. The first volume was a thesis for obtaining the degree of Doctor of Church Sciences, which was successfully defended. This monograph brought him international fame, it was translated immediately into English.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Maslin wrote the book The History of Russian Philosophy. Olive was the head of the author's team, which also included Myslivchenko, Medvedev, Polyakov, Popov and Pustarnakov. The book covers the domestic history of philosophy from the 11th century to the present. The time of philosophy in Kievan Rus' Maslov calls the period of apprenticeship. And he characterizes the XVII century as a time of irresistible craving for ethics and aesthetics, as well as a special interest in Historiosophical problems and the period of publicism in Russian philosophy.

Domestic philosophy: the history of Russian philosophy of the XVIII century

The XVIII century was marked by reforms. For this period, it was Peter the Great's reign - the time of close contact with Western culture, great reforms and achievements.

Bright representatives of the philosophy of this time were Antioch Dmitrievich Kantemir, Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev and Archbishop Theophan Prokopovich. The latter advocated the benefit of education and science. Cantemir ridiculed human and social vices. He introduced many terms into Russian philosophy. Tatishchev was for the idea of morality and religion, he set the balance of mental forces for the human being. A huge contribution was made to the philosophy of Russia of the era of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. He founded the Russian materialistic tradition.

Enrichment of Russian philosophy - GS Skovoroda

XVIII century gave the world another famous philosopher - Grigory Savvich Skovoroda, Ukrainian, born in 1722. He is still a Ukrainian hero to this day.

Grigory Savvich kept celibacy, being a monk in the world, and did not start a family. Update the legacy of Skovoroda in the twentieth century, Vladimir Franzevich Ern, also a Russian philosopher. He wrote and published the book "Grigory Skovoroda. Life and teaching. "

Skovoroda had the doctrine of the three worlds-a large celibate world, or macrocosm, as philosophers say, a small world, or a world-it is a man, and a symbolic world-the Bible to which Skovoroda was very ambivalent. He then scolded her, then said that the images of the Bible are such "carts, treasures of eternity bringing".

Frying-pan wrote 33 dialogs and carried them with them in a knapsack behind their shoulders, wandering around. He was called the Russian Socrates.

The nineteenth century

20-ies of the XIX century - the time of the emergence of circles of amateurs who viewed philosophy as a matter of their life. They are graduates of universities. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin called them "archival young men".

Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky, Dmitry Venivitinov (a poet who died only 22 years old), Ivan Vasilyevich Kireevsky (future Slavophile, the master of Slavophilism), Alexander Ivanovich Koshelev, Norov, Rozhalin, Cherkassky - the composition of the "Society of Wise Men." "Lyubomudriya" - in translation from Greek - is a philosophy, a love of wisdom. They generally liked to play with foreign philosophical terms, translating them into Russian manner.

The wise believed that it was necessary to change the attachment to French ideas (referring to the philosophy of the Enlightenment) by German idealism, because this is the philosophy of the identity of the spirit, of the intelligentsia and nature. They neglected social philosophy, but studied natural sciences, the physiology of the brain. It would be wise to find a soul in a human body.

The circle ceased its activities in 1825. And there were two philosophical currents - Westerners and Slavophiles.