Personal health services in primary school. Formation of personal universal educational activities

Due to the fact that the Ministry of Education has moved to a new standard of teaching children in kindergartens, schools, colleges and universities, the teacher immediately had several tasks. One of them is to educate an active, successful and talented schoolboy.

Our task is to explain to teachers what personal IDA is in primary school and how they are formed. But for this it is necessary to understand the structure of universal actions. So, about everything in order.

What are the methods of military operation (educational universal actions)

According to the new educational standard, it is customary to single out 4 types of universal educational activities :

• Personality.
• Cognitive.
• Communicative.
• Regulatory.

What is the essence of personal actions

Already by the name it becomes clear that personal DAM in the primary school should be directed by students to themselves. In other words, personalized universal actions are necessary for children to be able to correlate their actions and incidents with accepted cultural and ethical principles. In addition, they provide knowledge and assimilation of moral norms, as well as the orientation of the child in social roles and relationships in society.

The educator should understand that personal DUA by GEF will never be formed if the child takes 40 minutes to write a paragraph of the textbook.

Types of actions

If actions are applied to the learning process in a lesson, today they should be divided into three types:

• Self-determination - through this action, learners are looking for their place in the world and society.
• Sense formation - students establish a connection between the learning process and the motive. In other words, the child in the lesson should ask the question: "What is the significance of this teaching for me?" In addition, he must also find an answer to this question.
• A moral and ethical reference point is necessary for children to be able to make personal and moral choices based on social values.

Groups of personal DALY

Teachers and methodologists jointly developed 2 groups of personal universal educational activities:

1. Personal DAM is important, because it reflects the child's attitude to social values in society.

The junior high school student must:

• Establish a connection and belonging not only to his people, but also to the state.
• To understand, respect the values and cultures of other nationalities.
• Interested in the culture of the people and the country in which he was born and lives.
• Be able to distinguish between the main moral and ethical norms and concepts.
• Identify actions and actions with moral standards; Feel like he did - "good" or "bad."
• Understand and feel the emotional state of others, and with this in mind, build a constructive dialogue with them.
• Analyze situations and events from the point of view of morality and ethics.
• Explain their actions, show in situations such feelings as goodwill, attentiveness, trust and so on.

2. Personal health services reflect the child's attitude to the learning process.

The junior high school student must:

• Understand the speech of the teacher and classmates.
• To strive for the process of cognition, that is, the child should be surprised and interested, show attention and want to learn as much as possible.
• Assess your actions.
• To be able to cooperate with classmates. In other words, to accept the opponent's opinion during a dispute or discussion, be patient and benevolent, show confidence in the participant or interlocutor of the common cause, and also take into account the point of view of the other person.

How are personal health units formed in primary school

It should be noted that this process is long. The teacher needs patience. But what do you need to do for this?

First, the actions of the teacher should be meaningful.

Secondly, the teacher, like the child, needs to develop internal motivation, that is, to move up.

Thirdly, the task set by the teacher before the learner should be clear, but also internally pleasant to the baby, this means that this case will become significant for him.

Fourthly, the atmosphere must prevail in the classroom.

Fifth, the child should be helped not only by the teacher, but also by the neighbor by the desk.

Sixthly, the teacher should not stint on praise and encouragement, because a literate educator must have an evaluation system that children need to know.

Seventh, the teacher himself needs to learn how to be a creator, so that each of his steps becomes a discovery for the child.

And now let's look at practical advice for teachers on the formation of personal health management in class.

Literary reading

The class should work with literary works. And children need to trace the fate of the main characters in the course of the text of the text. In parallel with reading, students should compare the image of "I" with the characters of the works they read. But that's not all. Interested readers should identify themselves with the heroes of a fairy tale or story. Children need to actively correlate and compare their positions, views and opinions. The teacher should help to identify the moral content and moral significance of the actions of the characters. The educational component at the lessons of literary reading should familiarize the children with the heroic past of the people and the country in which they live. Such an introduction should not be represented by viewing a "dry" presentation. The presentation should be conducted at the lesson in such a way that children experience feelings of experience and pride in the citizens of the country. So the development of universal actions will pass smoothly.

For example: when studying the works of Boris Zakhoder, students in the lesson compare the image of "I" with the heroes of works, and identify themselves with them in order to discuss different opinions and positions.

If there is a lesson in calendar-themed planning devoted to fairy tales, after studying them you can give the children the task: to come up with a character and compose a fairy tale. At this stage of the training, there is a development of personal DAM. It consists in revealing moral significance and morality in the actions of the character. As a result of this task, a collage called "Characters of new fairy tales" can be created. The main task of the teacher is that in the lesson the students are not afraid at the creative stage to do wrong, "as expected", but as they see fit in accordance with the norms of morality.

The world

Many people like this lesson, as they consider it one of the most interesting. It is difficult to argue with this. Personal DAM in the primary school at the lesson of the surrounding world is formed by the formation of the world view, as well as the life self-determination of the child. In addition, in this lesson, the children form the basis of the historical memory of the near and far past. But that's not all. At the lesson of the world around the pupils of the primary school, competent and nature-oriented behavior is formed. All this will become a reality, thanks to design works, for example: "The Life of Birds".

A few words about diagnosis

This is already the case that every year children should undergo diagnostics of personal DAM. In some schools, future first-graders are tested on admission. Doing this is necessary in order to understand how the child is ready for school, is oriented in social roles, and also how it interacts with others.

Remember that the diagnosis of personal DU passes at the beginning of the school year, and at the end. Compendiums for determining the level of SDM formation have already been developed for each educational program. It is enough for a teacher to contact the nearest bookshop.

Conclusion

It should be understood that the types of universal educational activities, in particular personal ones, will be formed more effectively if the teacher uses the following methods in his work:

• Problem training.
• Group, as well as paired forms of work in the lesson.
• Methods that are directed at the independent activity of students.
• Methods of self-evaluation and reflection.
• And others.

More detailed information you can read in the books of A.G. Asmolova, S.P. Baranova, GEF primary (general) education, etc.

Good luck at the lessons!