Peasants in Asia

The processes of stratification of the free peasantry corresponded to certain processes among the ruling class. As a result of evolution, he acquired a more precise hierarchy, the place in which was determined by the situation in the state apparatus or by the title, the size of land ownership and the nature of the rights to it. A feature of the feudal society in South-East Asia, where in those centuries the service feudal lords were standing over the peasant communities (and not unprincipled landlords), there was a weak isolation of the military caste, a higher prestige of civil officials, whose functions were usually partially sacred.

Most of the military and a significant part of the spiritual functions, especially at the highest levels of the hierarchy, could be performed and performed by civilian dignitaries in these centuries. The culture of Japan had its own contribution to the history of Asian culture.

In the relations of the peasants with feudal owners, two types predominated: peasants, conditionally dependent (according to taxes, partly in court) from conditional landowners - service feudal lords, and peasants, hereditary dependent on hereditary landowners. The process of increasing the number of dependent ones narrowed the financial base of the feudal state as a whole, and it in the region usually represented the interests of middle and partly small feudal lords.

This also determined his desire to hamper the process of increasing the number of dependent ones, since the enslavement of free community members sometimes took on dimensions that threatened the existence of a lasting feudal state. Nevertheless, the number of dependent ones grew.

XI-XIV centuries are marked by an unprecedented flowering of the fine arts, art, legal and other literature. Formed on the basis of powerful empires with their syncretic cults of the god-king, architecture and fine art created unique in their originality, highly artistic monuments, included in the treasury of world culture. The culture of Japan had its separate contribution to the history of Asian culture.

Ensemble of Pagan, Yashodharapura (Angkor) and Panitaran; Javanese and Khmer sculpture; Majestic Javanese literature; Extensive Vietnamese and Burmese chronicles and secular literature-all this testified not only about the distinctiveness, originality and exceptional wealth of the culture of South-East Asia of these centuries, but also about the existence of a common foundation, common paths and rates of cultural development. The unprecedented cultural upsurge of Southeast Asia in the 11th-14th centuries. Made it during this period one of the most developed areas in the artistic field of the world.

Peasants in Asia