Pear varieties for Siberia: Perun, Svarog, Lel, Severyanka. Description of varieties, features of cultivation

Pear is a rare visitor in Siberian gardens. There are several reasons for explaining this: first, the tree is characterized by low winter hardiness and not rapidity, and secondly, in regions with a cool harvest in summer, one can not wait at all. But do not think that in Siberia it is impossible to grow fragrant and sweet fruits! Today we will talk about what sorts of pears for Siberia to choose, consider the features of care for them and talk about the most common mistakes of beginning gardeners!

Perun

This variety is optimally fit even in harsh climatic conditions. They brought him out in the Barnaul experimental gardens of the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia. To create the scientists, breeders used the Dekanka winter variety and hybrid variety No. 10821, the "parents" of which were Bergamotnaya and Vnuchka pears. Despite its name, this sort of pear for Siberia has nothing to do with Slavic mythology and the god of thunder. Simply IA Puchkin, who led a group of breeders, was fond of religion and the history of the Slavs. Such a reverent attitude to the ancient legends resulted in the names of varieties, derived by the scientist.

The pear tree of this variety is medium-sized, the crown is sprawling, rounded. The leaves are smooth, saturated green. The weight of the fruits of the Perun pear can reach 145 g. By the way, the fruits are unequal, their skins are tender, oily. Flesh is not very dense, white. The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. Ripen pears in mid-October. They are suitable for fresh consumption, as well as for marmalade, jam, compote and jelly. Pear fruit can be stored in the refrigerator - they will not lose their taste qualities until January!

Among the advantages of Perun, one can note its resistance to fungal diseases. Many pests do not frighten him. But rodents can spoil the pear. In order to protect the tree, it is necessary to wrap the stem and skeletal branches with a dense material.

Care instructions

Pear Perun does not like drafts, closely passing groundwater. But the main thing is that the tree should receive a sufficient amount of sunlight! To the soil, this variety makes special demands. The optimal option - chernozem, loam or sandy loamy soil.

In the first year after planting the pear Perun grows slowly, and therefore does not need pruning. Beginning in the third year, it is necessary to regularly cut the fruit tree, removing the dry and diseased branches. The angle at pruning must be straight. Gardeners are recommended to rejuvenate the pear from the bottom up. After the process is completed, you should process the sections with a garden fence - you can buy it in a specialized store, or you can make it yourself. Replace the garden var can be oil-based paint.

Svarog

Another variety, tested by Siberia, is Pear Svarog. Like the Perun variety, Svarog was bred by a group of breeders under the leadership of IA Puchkov at the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia.

The variety Svarog has many advantages:

• It easily tolerates frosts to -30 ° C;
• Resistant to pathogenic fungi;
• Fruits can ripen to the first colds;
• Pears can be stored for about three months.

But not everything is so rosy! If you do not follow the rules for caring for the Svarog pear, the tree can stop bearing fruit or die!

Appearance of this variety depends on the place of growth and composition of the soil. Thus, the leaves of a pear can have an ivory, loquish form, or they may even resemble birch trees. The bark of this sort of pear for Siberia is brown, flaky. The weight of the fruit is usually about 80 g, the skin is coarse, matte. Complete ripening of fruits occurs at the beginning of October. The pulp is juicy, cream colored.

How to plant and care?

The first thing you need to pay attention to is choosing the place. It is best to drop the Svarog pear on a warm, protected area from the wind. Prefer gardeners recommend saplings with a developed root system. Before planting, remove the damaged roots. It is very important to prepare a support peg to which the trunk of a young tree will be attached!

It is necessary to fertilize the pear every year. As an additional fertilizer organic and phosphoric-potassium compounds are suitable.

Bacteriosis pear of this variety is almost not terrible. However, it is susceptible to pest attack. From the aphids of ordinary will help the solution of "Carbophos". "Nitrofen" will help protect the tree from the weevil beetle. It is important to burn the affected leaves - in them the weevil organizes the masonry.

Lel

Among the pears for the Urals and Siberia is the Lel variety. IA Puchkin took part in its creation. Characterized by Lel high resistance to disease and frost. Fruits have a spicy sweet and sour taste, their weight reaches 100 g. Pears ripen in the second half of August, and they can be stored no more than two weeks. Ripe fruit is very juicy, tender, half-oozy. With a competent approach to growing pear cultivar Lel, you can get more than 25 kg from one tree!

Pear of Lel variety: description of care

Getting a good harvest depends on compliance with all cultivation technologies and timely activities related to the fight against diseases and pests. This strain is terrible black cancer, stem rot, rust, powdery mildew, maniliosis. Damage to the pear and vegetable parasites - pear mite, moth, green aphid.

Preventive measures will help to save the plant. For example, three times per season it is necessary to spray the pear: the first treatment with Kinmix is carried out in the spring, after the tree is awakened, Agravertin should treat the Lel pear before flowering, and when the ovary appears on the tree, it is recommended to use Iskra.

Not bad protection from pests and diseases - non-chemical means. Spraying all varieties of pears for Siberia can be decoctions of dandelion, which added garlic and laundry soap. Every autumn the pear tree needs sanitary pruning and removal of the remaining leaves. This will prevent the spread of insects and avoid disease.

In the early spring, experienced gardeners recommend the trimming of trunks. This will protect the bark from sunburn. In addition, this method will destroy some of the parasites that hibernate under the bark.

Severyanka

One of the most popular varieties grown in Siberia, the pear is Severyanka. To the characteristics can be attributed earlier fruiting, high yield and winter hardiness. Got this variety known breeder PN. Yakovlev. Parent pair - pears Kopečka No. 12 and Lubimica Klappa. It was from them Severyanka inherited a dense creamy pulp, a delicate aroma and an impetuous sour taste. Fruits are not stored for long - about two weeks.

This variety can be attributed to one of the most hardy. For example, in Ufa, a case was recorded where, when it cooled to -50 ° C, only young pears of Severyanka's variety were frozen out. It is also known that, with a long drop in temperature to -42 ° C, the above-ground part of the trees died, but the plant quickly recovered.

Features of care

Experienced gardeners assure - from one tree you can collect about 100 kg of juicy fruits! To do this, you need to ensure proper care for Severyanka. When choosing a place for planting, it is best to stay on a sunny area, protected from drafts. Put hum and manure on the bottom of the landing pit.

The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting the pear. In the event that there are no skeletal branches, a single shoot should be cut off. It is best to do this at an altitude of about 80 cm above the ground, keeping at least three developed kidneys. To the young plant did not die, in the first two or three years it is necessary to insulate it for the winter.

The first fertilizer should be carried out in the second year of the Severyanka's life. This sort of pear for Siberia loves moisture, and therefore it must be watered several times a season.

Pear tree is practically not susceptible to diseases, but it can be affected by pests - pear leaf gall midges and butterfly hawthorn. This will help both chemical means and national recipes. You can spray the plant with infusion of wormwood, makhorka and garlic. Make it simple: you need to mix 200 grams of crushed ingredients, pour them with steep boiling water (five liters is enough). Then it is necessary to additionally boil the composition for 1.5 hours. The received "medicine" needs to be diluted with 15 liters of water, to which 300 g of laundry soap can be added.