Passenger locomotive TEP70: specifications, construction

Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant started the production of TEP70 diesel locomotive in the seventies of the last century. Prior to this, the basic basis for modifying TEP60 was used. The update is associated with an increase in the requirements for higher power and speed. The plant, which focuses on the development of diesel locomotives and turbine analogues, experimented with two-sectional variations, but their maintenance and operation proved to be unprofitable. Consider the characteristics and features that the diesel locomotive TEP70 is designed for passenger transportation, as well as its modifications.

History of creation

A group of engineers, headed by Yu. Khlebnikov, was responsible for the design features and design of the TEP70 diesel locomotive. The first car was built in the summer of 1973. The locomotive received the index 0001. In the next two years versions 0002, 0003, 0004 were produced. The trial lot of diesel locomotives was directed to the sections of the Belarusian Railways. There they underwent operational testing. In 1977-78, the next generation of locomotives appeared under the numbers 0005, 0006, 0007.

The body of the machine is made of steel low-alloy and aluminum alloy. Its construction is of a truss-diagonal, bearing type. The hull resting on working carts is carried out through a pair of pendulum central supports with polymer shock absorbers and four spring screw cylinders on the sides. The diameter of the wheelset wheels rolling became more than that of the predecessor, and amounted to 1220 millimeters in a circle.

Development

Passenger diesel locomotive TEP70 differed from previous models in design features and new capabilities of the power unit. It is customary to subdivide the locomotives in question into the following categories:

1. Experienced specimens under the code 0001-0007.
2. Serial models (0008-0185). They received a vertical arrangement of light elements and a riveted body shell. Initially, the windshield was not equipped with a vertical jumper, consisted of two parts glued together. After the thirtieth series of such a design was abandoned, as the knot, giving a crack, lost its tightness.
3. The following modifications are 0186-0576. This locomotive TEP70 was equipped with horizontal lanterns, as well as a mixed connection of the body panels.

Prior to the series at number 300, the locomotives under consideration were equipped with interconnection outlets. In the future, such nodes were not mounted, because they no longer needed. As the last example of operation, it is possible to cram the passenger locomotive on the Southern Railway (a section in the Poltava area between Kiev and Kharkov). This was due to the lack of electrification of the distillation at that time.

Structural features

The considered machine has a great similarity with its predecessor (TEP60). The locomotive is equipped with a load-bearing body, a three-axis trolley and a frame support. In the arrangement there is a system of the Alstom type, which includes a hollow shaft that rigidly aggregates with the power plant, its inner part passes through the axis of the wheel pair, and the wheels themselves interact through rubber and metal leashes.

The work of the locomotive driver of this series includes maintenance and verification of a pair of fans of the refrigeration unit. The locomotive differs from previous models in the presence of electric transmission and a more powerful power unit on diesel fuel. It is equipped with two operating cycles, a large number of cylinders and an intermediate cooling system. Engine power has grown to 4,000 horsepower, and the design of the basic elements is similar to the locomotives 2TE-116 and TEM7.

Diesel unit 5-D-49 leads to the activation of a pair of oil and water pumps. They are subdivided into the first and second circuits, and also equipped with additional units with a generator and exciter of a synchronous type. Transmission of the main moment is carried out through the elastic coupling and stator stars of the generator. The voltage in the working circuit is equal to 110 volts, rectification of alternating current is performed by a regulated exciter. As the control unit acts as an excitation unit, which aggregates with the rotor part.

Other equipment

The design of the diesel locomotive TEP70 provides for the presence of an alternating voltage generator with a rectifier. The device is made of diodes, six parallel connected traction motors. Voltage is supplied via the contactors. In addition, the power circuit is equipped with a pneumatic reverser, attenuating contacts, which makes it possible to obtain two positions for reducing excitation.

The reversal system of locomotive TEP70 is under the control of the operator, and other contactors are activated by means of an automatic system using a step-by-step relay. The electronic excitation unit regulates the voltage of the traction generator, the load of the diesel unit. This is possible thanks to inductive indicators, which track a number of additional parameters.

Additional systems

The auxiliary units include a central air supply unit, a compressor unit, a pair of refrigeration fans. The ventilation system includes an axial propeller equipped with fixed blade-type guides and rectifying elements. The system provides air for six traction engines. The motor compressor of type PK-5,25 С has a rotation speed of 1450 rpm, it is mounted on analogs TGM-6, TEM7 and DE-1. On the machine in question, it is equipped with an electric drive.

This motor is powered by a starter generator, which has a rated voltage of 110 V. The water in the system is cooled by passing through the refrigerator with fans. Propeller installations are rotated by means of hydraulic motors with nine cylinders. They are fed with low viscosity oil, which is supplied at a pressure of 220 kg / sq. See The required conditions are created by the action of a pair of hydraulic pumps. This design is almost identical to the TEP60 system.

Description of the workplace

The locomotive with electric transmission TEP70 is equipped with a cabin, which differs significantly from the cabin of the predecessor. The handbrake is located on the rear wall, which allows you to equip a full panel in the form of a table that has a special projection for mounting the searchlight box. The controller with the steering wheel is located directly in front of the driver. This allows you to control both hands.

The engine compartment of the locomotive is quite spacious, there is a high-voltage chamber behind the first cabin, as well as a VU, VV, CVS, diesel unit and traction generator. On the reverse side of the diesel, there is an installation of pneumatic and hydraulic pumps .

The refrigeration device includes a compressor motor, filter elements for oil, a foaming agent, a pump for pumping oil. When the system is operating, the air is sucked by the diesel engine through the louvres provided in the upper part of the cabin. It is fed through mesh cassettes, the lower part of which is immersed in an oil bath, and the main airflow is on top. Correct cells work is provided by a pneumatic unit that changes the angle by 45 degrees in one stroke. When the compressor motor is switched on, the system is activated automatically.

Characteristics of diesel locomotive TEP70

Below are the main parameters of the technical plan:

• The total curb weight is 135 tons.
• The power of the rheostat brake is 3200 kW.
• The axial load on the rails is 21 tons.
• The length is 21.7 m.
• Diesel locomotive TEP70 - 2A-5D-49 with a capacity of 4 thousand horsepower with electric transfer of alternating-direct current.
• The thrust force when driving from the site is 280 kN.
• Cruising speed - 50 km / h.
• The size of the wheels is 1.22 m in diameter.
• The total thrust at a speed of 120 km / h - 68 kN (17000 kg).

Modifications

Kolomna Diesel Locomotive Plant produced several improved variations of the locomotive in question. Among them: TEP70U and TEP70BS. From the basic model of the car differ advanced body shape, the equipment of a microprocessor diagnostic unit, the placement of sand bins and some small parts.

70U and BS differ from each other in that the last sample is provided with electric heating of the composition. It is used in certain areas, where special throttling transformers are provided, allowing the use of a current of great strength, without affecting the insulating joints of the rails.

On the basis of ТЭП70 a cargo analogue 2ТЭ70 was created. It is equipped with a pair of sections with six axes. All major nodes are unified with passenger options. The main purpose is the movement of commodity trains weighing up to 60 thousand tons. The weight of diesel locomotive TEP70 in this version is twice as high as that which has a single-section version. The presentation of the locomotive of this series took place in July 2004. He successfully passed all the tests. For 2010, 12 copies of this line were produced.

Exploitation

The locomotives in question are present practically on all subdivisions of RZD, as well as in the depots of the near abroad countries. The manufacturer produced from 1973 to 1985 about three dozen locomotives of this type. The active production of machines was established in 1985. Before 2006, more than 570 units left the assembly line.

The work of the diesel locomotive driver on the advanced modification was significantly simplified and optimized, thanks to the well-planned placement of brake and control devices. The instability of output is largely related to economic problems and the electrification of most sites. Nevertheless, the write-off of obsolete models gave an impetus to an increase in the production of TEP70.

Interesting Facts

The first production cars arrived in Tashkent, as well as on the October and Southern railways. Currently, these locomotives after a repeated change of residence permit function fully in Poltava, Romny, Osnova and Lozova (South Railway). The oldest copy is in the depot of Yelets.

Updated versions of the locomotive were distributed throughout Russia and the CIS countries. The change of the predecessor is due to several reasons. First, the battery for diesel locomotive TEP70 has a greater working life. Secondly, the diesel installation has become more powerful and productive. In addition, external and internal design has become much more attractive.

Some locomotives are operated on the railways of Lithuania. Modifications 0264 and 0186 were defeated in the disaster near Tambov (2009). The considered machine was actively used in Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan.

Fuel System Operation

Repair of diesel locomotives series TEP70 often concerns a diesel unit. Its job is to receive fuel from the fuel tank through a special pipe through a coarse filter. Further, the fuel passes the pump and is fed through a fine filter element into the collector of the fuel pumps of the power plant. Then the pumps are sent to the nozzles. For the correct operation of the unit, the temperature of the diesel fuel in the tank must be at least 30 degrees Celsius.

To ensure normal operation of the unit, intensive circulation of fuel is provided, which allows to drive out a larger volume of liquid. The remaining fuel is drained into a special heater, and then into the tank. Most of the working mixture is warmed up, thanks to such a constructive scheme.

Model TEP70 BS and TEP70-U

The letter designation was given to the locomotive in honor of the Hero of Socialist Labor Boris Salambekov. By 2015, 281 diesel locomotives of this category were produced. In 2004, the machine was assigned the TEP70-BS-001 index. This sample is registered in the PM-14 October Railway. His tests were carried out not only individually, but also as part of high-speed trains "Sapsan". In 2010, the model was decommissioned, located at the base in Gatchina and serves as a reserve of spare parts for operating specimens. Its further write-off is planned.

Locomotives such as TEP70-U produced 26 pieces (as of 2011). All cars are registered on the Northern Railway (Voynovka depot, ТЧЭ-7). The model numbered 014 was decommissioned after a fire that occurred in the diesel compartment (2007). Then the locomotive underwent major repairs and was returned to the depot's residence permit.

Repair of diesel locomotives

In the post-Soviet space, the repair of the locomotives under consideration is carried out at several plants:

• Repair plant in Poltava.
• Locomotive repair plant in Daugalpils.
• Ussuriysk factory.
• Voronezh Specialized Combine.

It is noteworthy that this locomotive received a number of original nicknames. Among them:

• The Slippers.
• "Sarcophagus" (due to the peculiarities of the structure of the roof).
• "Hunchbacked" (for the same reason).
• "Brick".
• "Coffin" and "Besik".

Exporting

The diesel locomotive TEP70 in various modifications was delivered to the SMNG countries. For example, 26 units are registered in Belarus, the Uzbek railway purchased 10 cars. Lithuania in 2006 bought 4 copies. There are these locomotives in Ukraine.

Most of the diesel locomotives produced were operated on the territory of Russia. At the same time the locomotive can be used in any climatic regions, which made it more popular than TEP-60. In addition, this machine has become aesthetically better, more powerful and more convenient.

The result

Diesel locomotive TEP70 is a worthy representative of domestic diesel equipment used on the railway. The range includes both passenger variations and more powerful cargo analogues. For its time, the locomotive has become in demand not only in Russia, but also in the countries of the near abroad. At the same time, it continues to be used until now, despite the considerable age.