Partial prosthesis: types, designs, reviews

Modern medicine allows not only to return a beautiful smile to the patient, but also to restore lost functions of the oral cavity. Prosthetics comes to the rescue. In some cases, a partial prosthesis is installed, in other situations, a full construction is required to restore chewing functions. But all of them allow to improve the patient's quality of life and restore the aesthetics of the dentition.

What is a partial prosthesis?

This is an orthopedic design that restores part of the missing dentition units. To install removable dentures, one condition must be met. The patient must have at least two natural teeth. They will be attached to the prosthesis with attachments or clasps.

The considered constructions are used in the case of the absence of several (usually chewing) units.

Partially removable dentures are dental structures that allow you to quickly and inexpensively restore lost functions. Usually they are made from plastic entirely. Only clamps (hooks) are made of metal. It is for these reasons that the design is quite easy and affordable in all segments of the population.

Types of partial prostheses

Consider what they are:

1. The most simple and affordable type is a partial plate prosthesis. It allows you to restore lost functions due to the lack of basic chewing teeth. Also, experts recommend it to patients in the absence of several units in a row on the jawbone.

2. Segments or removable sectors - one-sided dentures. Use them in the absence of several teeth on one side.

3. Immediate prosthesis is a temporary construction. Specialists apply them directly after tooth extraction. Also, such designs are relevant for wearing during the manufacture of a permanent prosthesis. This will save the location of neighboring units.

4. Clasp prostheses - a kind of partial removable structures. They are comfortable, durable and durable. This design has many positive characteristics. Unlike other removable orthopedic models, the load in the prostheses under consideration is distributed throughout the jawbone, and not only to the support units. This became possible thanks to the arcuate skeleton. It is made, as a rule, of metal. Such prostheses do not need to be removed at night. Thanks to this, the practical application of the structure in everyday life was simplified. To the newest developments it is possible to carry non-metal clasp dentures. The clamps on them are elastic. Such a construction does not require turning of reference units.

In what cases are partial dentures recommended?

Despite the fact that modern technologies have moved far ahead, the designs in question are in great demand. Partial dentures are installed in half of patients in dental clinics. After all, this is a simple and relatively inexpensive way of prosthetics. As a rule, in the absence of several chewing teeth a doctor can recommend to restore the lost function with a removable structure.

In what cases are the complete removable structures recommended?

Also, patients who have lost virtually all their own units can order the manufacture of a complete removable denture. The absence of a plurality of teeth serves as an indication for the installation of a lamellar structure. Excessive pressure on the support units in such situations casts doubt on the functional value of non-removable prostheses.

Undoubtedly, implantation best copes with such problems of the patient. However, this method of prosthetics has its contraindications. In addition, it refers to expensive procedures. That is why many people choose the method of prosthetics with removable and non-removable structures.

Recently, innovations have touched on their production. The use of new materials and technologies makes these prostheses more convenient to use and aesthetic.

Clasp prosthesis

We will talk about this kind of orthodontic constructions separately. Clasp prostheses are delicate, more precise casting. This technique is considered modern, and the designs are very convenient for patients in operation. The clasp prosthesis on the upper jaw has some peculiarity. It is complemented by a palatine jumper. The very same design is a metal frame, an arc and artificial teeth, which are attached to the base.

The clasp prosthesis on the upper jaw (due to the jumper) is designed so that the load during chewing can be distributed evenly over the entire jaw. This maximally approximates the functionality in terms of functionality to the natural gear-jaw apparatus.

Methods of fixing the specialist selects individually, taking into account the characteristics of each patient.

Indications

Doctors have identified a number of abnormalities in which a partial denture is recommended. Consider these:

1. With partial loss of teeth.

2. If there are long gaps.

3. With terminal defects of the jaw arc.

4. For fixing the teeth with periodontal disease.

5. With no teeth at all.

6. To correct the violation of chewing, diction.

7. With aesthetic unattractiveness due to lack of dental units.

8. With increased abrasion of the enamel on the upper jaw.

9. In the presence of a flat sky.

10. In cases when there are no maxillary tubercles.

11. If it is not possible to use other removable structures.

12. In diseases that reduce the resistance of capillaries (the area of the prosthetic bed).

Advantages of clasp constructions

This method of prosthetics promptly displaces plate orthodontic structures. And no wonder. After all, it has several advantages:

• The design allows you not to cover the sky completely.
• Evenly distributed load on the gums and teeth.
• Compactness of clasp prostheses.
• Very quick adaptation of patients when the design is put into operation.
• There was no need to remove the structure from the oral cavity at night.
• Prostheses do not affect the patient's diction.
• The designs are comfortable in operation.
• Prevent the development of prosthetic stomatitis.
• Do not induce vomitive reflex in patients.

Manufacturing of clasp structures

Today, the prosthetics under consideration is becoming increasingly popular. This is due to a sharp jump in their quality and production. New materials are being created to help make the design light, delicate, inconspicuous. Gradually the technology that assumes the removal of the wax part from the gypsum model has become a thing of the past. Spike the carcass with conventional solders is now irrelevant.

To date, many clasp prostheses produce on refractory models. Soldering is also laser or hydrogen. In this case, the frame is heated locally. All this allows you to preserve the properties of the alloy.

The production of partial removable prostheses today enables the patient to obtain a wonderful aesthetic effect and a reliable, comfortable design. Consider the stages of production:

1. Obtaining an accurate impression. To do this, use the newest silicone and light-curing materials.

2. Planning the prosthesis itself. It is extremely important knowledge and skills and technology, and the doctor, as well as their ability to think creatively.

3. Selection of materials, various devices. Their technological properties must be interdependent.

4. Carry out a control examination of the form before pouring in it the investment.

5. Making a model, filling the frame.

6. Drying and machining of the frame.

7. Fit the model.

8. Fitting the product.

When all the nuances of production are made accurately, a partial prosthesis on the lower jaw should lag behind the mucosa by 0.3-0.5 mm. Occlusive overlays should be located in the planned places. In this case, they do not interfere with the closing of the teeth. The arch of the prosthesis made for the upper jaw can fit snugly against the hard palate. But the patient should not feel pressure on him. The expert checks the tightness of clamping. When all stages of verification are completed, the physician begins to make the basic part of the structure.

Modern materials allow you to choose the color of artificial teeth, make them look like native units, while respecting the strength.

The procedure for manufacturing a removable plate structure

Consider the stages of production:

1. The patient undergoes a clinical examination, diagnosis.

2. Choice of the prosthesis model.

3. Obtaining impressions, casting models.

4. The technician makes a wax base with occlusal ridges.

5. Check all parts and parts of models.

6. Prosthesis manufacturing, grinding of products.

If the design of the partial removable prosthesis is made correctly, the patient should not feel pressure on the underlying gums. It fits snugly and does not interfere. The design should have an aesthetic appearance and be strong.

How to care for removable structures

Some patients who are forced to use removable structures, unfortunately, do not know how to take care of them. Undoubtedly, it is primarily the doctor's fault. After all, it was he who was obliged to explain to the patient the basic standards of hygiene. Today, some people in the old manner clean the prosthesis with a soap or soda solution, manganese, hydrogen peroxide. All these methods of cleaning cause doubt in their effectiveness. At the same time, they significantly reduce the lifespan of the orthodontic design, have a negative impact on the oral cavity.

The doctor is obliged to inform each patient about the means of caring for removable dental structures. Many pharmaceutical companies produce special pills. Their application is incredibly simple. It is only necessary to dissolve the drug in water and to treat the prosthesis. Preliminary it is washed under running water, eliminating the remnants of food.

It is worth noting that the part that is adjacent to the gum requires a more careful attitude. Cleaning with a conventional toothbrush can damage the design. For these purposes, a special brush can be purchased at the pharmacy. And the process of removing remains of food and plaque should be done carefully, carefully.

Feedback from specialists and patients

Partial prosthesis has received mixed reviews. And the opinion of patients here does not run counter to the statements of doctors. Both of them say that the clasp constructions are undoubtedly more convenient to use. Patients quickly get used to them. Many people are very happy with this method of prosthetics. They confirm that the prostheses do not rub soft tissues, do not induce vomiting reflex and look rather aesthetically.

The plastic prostheses are able to provide no less beauty of a smile. However, due to the peculiarity of their design, not every patient can quickly adapt. In conclusion, I would like to note that comfort in operation, aesthetics and strength largely depend on the skills of specialists.