"Pandemic" of the XXI century - breast carcinoma

Carcinoma of the breast is a tumor of the epithelial tissue of the breast, which is formed from the ducts or lobules of the gland. This carcinoma is the most common among all cancer diseases. Statistics show that every ninth woman on the planet has breast cancer. Early diagnosis gives a positive prognosis for recovery. Most women discover painful changes at the age of over fifty. As a rule, patients turn to a specialist when the tumor is already at an aggressive stage. The fact is that the patients do not realize until the end the need for regular preventive examinations.

Type of malignant tumor

Carcinoma is of the following types:

- papillary cancer - the neoplasm grows in the chest cavity, has a low degree of malignancy;

- Medullary tumor - a large carcinoma with penetration into adjacent tissues;

- infiltrating ductal cancer - most common and characterized by dissemination to neighboring organs with the help of strands;

- Paget's tumor - affected by the nipple and areola, superficially resembling eczema.

Diagnosis of breast carcinoma includes complex methods of examination and consists of two stages:

1. Primary diagnosis (screening) - provides an opportunity to identify initial changes in the breast without determining their nature. It includes: an independent examination of a woman's breast, review and consultation of various specialists (oncologist, endocrinologist, surgeon). Screening diagnosis also includes mammography;

2. Diagnostic clarification - allows you to purposefully identify changes in the breast, understand the nature and nature of the occurrence.

So, the diagnosis of breast cancer includes:

Self-examination;

- mammograms;

- tomosynthesis;

- computer diagnostics;

- biopsy;

- blood test;

- protocol lavage;

- X-ray examination of the chest;

- magnetic resonance scanning;

- Ultrasound.

Stages of breast carcinoma:

I stage - breast carcinoma of a size not more than two centimeters is limited by the mammary gland. At this stage, there is more chance of recuperation.

II stage - the tumor can be no more than two centimeters, but at the same time metastasize to the axillary lymph nodes. Or the size of the lesion can reach five centimeters, but without affecting the lymphatic system.

III A stage - the size of the tumor is five or more centimeters with metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes.

III In the stage - is put in case the process spreads to the nearby gland tissues (skin, muscles, ribs).

III With the stage - breast carcinoma can be of any size, disseminating into nearby tissues and with metastasis to a greater number of lymph nodes.

IV stage - is characterized by the spread of the oncological process to other parts of the body.

Risk factors:

- the lack of a woman's children;

- pregnancy after 32 years;

- early onset of menstruation;

- late menopause;

- cases of breast cancer in the family;

- Long-term hormonotherapy.

Surgery

As a rule, breast carcinoma requires surgical intervention. The tumor is excised from the chest along with the surrounding healthy tissue. If there are metastases in the lymph nodes, they are also removed.

Treatment of carcinoma without surgery

As a rule, after surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are performed. Such treatment prevents the appearance of tumors. Irradiation can destroy the tumor and prevent the reproduction of cancer cells. Chemotherapy destroys the mechanism of dividing atypical cells, leading to their death. Irradiation and surgery operate locally, and chemotherapy has a generalized effect. For each patient, the specialist selects individual complex therapy.