Organs of human digestion

Organs of human digestion perform one of the most important functions of its physiology: they consume food, convert it into energy, release nutrients and remove waste from the body's vital functions. Note that all these functions are closely intertwined with the functioning of other systems of organs that work in a coordinated fashion. For example, in the process of digestion an important role is played by the organs of the circulatory system of man - they are richly supplied with the entire digestive system. After all, it is blood that receives food substances and carries them throughout the body.

The human digestive organs can be divided into two types - basic and auxiliary. The main ones are those that are directly related to reception, digestion and withdrawal of food from the body. To the auxiliary belong glands (salivary and pancreatic), liver, gall bladder. These organs of human digestion secrete such enzymes, without which the process of digestion would be impossible.

The structure of the human digestive system is extremely difficult, which is due to their functions. Begins the digestive system from the mouth - here there is a primary mechanical processing of food by teeth and saliva. Saliva is allocated by the parotid, sublingual and submandibular salivary glands. With the help of enzymes that are contained in saliva, the food begins to be digested already in the oral cavity - the so-called initial hydrolysis process for digesting carbohydrates. Then the food enters the throat, and thence into the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube that connects at the entrance to the stomach with the pylorus-muscle, which prevents the food from being thrown back into the esophagus. Usually this area is still poorly developed in children, which often regurgitate with a reflex fountain.

Getting into the stomach, food passes the next stage of digestion. Here there is hydrolysis of proteins and partially fat. To ensure that the process of digestion has passed qualitatively and to the fullest, the walls of the stomach secrete special digestive enzymes, such as hydrochloric acid, etc. In addition to the stomach, enzymes are excreted and the accessory gland - pancreas. After the food has passed the necessary treatment in the stomach, it passes into the intestine.

The small intestine is another organ that digests food. The duodenum takes food directly from the stomach and it is here that most of the fat is digested by enzymes of the gallbladder, the passage of which opens into the duodenum.

The small intestine delivers food further, all the while processing it with chyme - a special substance. The final stage of digestion of digestive substances occurs on the membranes of cells of the small intestine - enterocytes. Here, oligosaccharides, amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids are absorbed into the blood. The remains of food, which could not be digested, pass into the large intestine. But splitting and absorption in the large intestine practically does not occur, but the food is largely freed from water. Gradually digested food turns into feces. At the time of approach to the pulp - a thick ring muscle, pushing feces out through the sphincter - the mass presses on the walls of the intestine and causes a feeling of defecation.

The digestive organs of man are an amazing system, but at the same time the most vulnerable. A lot depends on what food is digested. Unfortunately, residents of cities often turn to fast food, tasty (due to flavoring additives), but absolutely useless, and sometimes harmful food. Even the ancient Greeks - recognized sages - said: "We are what we eat," emphasizing the importance of food in human life. It's worth thinking about ...