Old hunting guns (photo). Can I register an old gun? Caring for old chicken rifles. The oldest pneumatic guns

Not only in the museum you can find old guns today. Such a rarity is kept in many families, where once the hunters lived. One they inherited, others found it after the death of their grandparents, and someone just "sick" with such weapons and buys it at the earliest opportunity.

Pros of the old gun

Faced with the opportunity to purchase an old gun or use it, a person compares it with new products. Experience shows that not always a new specimen is better than its colleague with a half-century history. The fact is that with careful use, proper storage and competent care, the life of the old hunting rifle is prolonged.

There is another important factor directly affecting the quality of the barrel. Current guns are produced massively on machines, without the use of manual labor of specialists. Such a product does not have a soul. Old hunting guns, even serially produced in the first half of the twentieth century, have a quality an order of magnitude higher than modern analogues, akin to piece-making in today's realities.

That's why inveterate hunters try to buy a gun, the year of release of which refers to the first half of the twentieth century (and perhaps, by the end of the nineteenth). They believe: despite the effectiveness of modern technology, the professionalism of gunsmiths is not a substitute for it.

Old guns are divided by species according to visible criteria. Let's consider some of them: with reclining and non-throwing trunks; With one or two trunks; With and without the horns.

Featured cartridges

The end of the nineteenth - the beginning of the twentieth centuries is characterized by the fact that in the hands of the hunters turned out to be a lot of converted weapons. People called them "Berdans." They were smooth-bore rifles with a non-throwing trunk. Redone the army rifles such as "Berdan-2" or three-line Mosin. The best rework was produced by Izhevsk and Tula factories. From rifles "Berdan-2" single-shot rifles 16, 20, 24 or 28 calibers were obtained. The length of the trunk varied from 68 to 69 cm, the weight remained from 2.6 to 2.9 kg.

From the rifle Mosin designer Frolov was able to create single-shot rifles 20 and 24 calibers and magazine 28 (two cartridges) and 32 (three cartridges) caliber. "Frolovka" was slightly heavier than berdans (minimum 2.8 kg, maximum 3 kg.). After the war began to produce the R-32, single-shot model of 32 caliber. By 1948 their release was suspended. Such hunting rifles proved to be cheap, but their characteristics were not very high. Therefore, they were quickly replaced by new models.

Single-barreled old hunting rifles with a leaning trunk can be hammered and non-smoking. In the 20 years of the twentieth century, the IZH-5 model with the upper unlocking lever was put into serial production. It was made both by Izhevsk and Tula factories. The calibers of the manufactured single-barrel are 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28.

After the war, the Izhevsk plant established the single-barrel 16, 20, 28 and 32 calibers with the lower unlocking lever (ZK, MZHK). The next model - IZH-17 - was produced in large batches and to this day remains in the service of fishers.

Non-sturdy single-barrels were produced in our country only after the war. These are the models of ZKB and IZHB. In the early sixties IG-18 was designed on their basis. In various modifications, such a gun is still manufactured in Ustinovo at the Mechanical Plant. According to the experience of skilled hunters, it can be argued that old single-barreled guns in many ways surpass their modern counterparts.

Common double-barrels

Despite the charms of single-barreled guns, double-barreled old guns became very popular. Their release, which began at the dawn of the twentieth century, lasted until the eighties. First they produced guns of model B, then from the end of the fifties - BM. The caliber of the majority was 16th, a little bit of the 20th and even less than the 12th. Models TOZ-63 produced 16 and 20 calibers, TOZ-66 - 12, TOZ-54 - mainly 12 calibers. Such weapons are suitable for both shot and canister, and for bullets. Fanciers and amateurs mark its suitability for any kind of hunting, ease of operation, trouble-free operation.

In the case of double-barreled double-barrels of Tula production, muzzle devices are diverse. Usually the right barrel is a cylinder with a head, a cylinder, a pin; The left trunk is a choke or a pinch. The length of the trunks is 70-72 cm. The trunks are locked with a Griner bolt and two lower hooks. The overhead lock of the gun has outer hammers and two trigger hooks. Trigger and impact mechanisms are installed on the keyboards. The bells have a safety platoon, when they are manually erected, fighting springs are pumped. Usually the box at the gun was made of birch or beech, sometimes from walnut. The weight of the gun is about three kilograms.

The Izhevsk plant produced non-sturdy double-barrels with reclining trunks. Ten years (1936-1946) model IZHB-36 was produced in large batches with locks on the side boards. Modified series IZHB-36M was produced only in 1947. This product with triple locking, automatic fuse, weft fore-end, 12 caliber. Old guns are comfortable and durable in operation.

After the transfer of the monopoly for the production of hunting rifles to the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, the IZH-49 was launched into mass production. This double-barrel rifle 12 or 16 calibers (a small batch released 20-caliber).

Product characteristics changed in 1954, when, taking into account the recommendations of hunters, released a modified model IZH-54. The widespread 12 gauge had a barrel length of 750 mm (later - 730 mm). The length of the chamber is seven centimeters. The muzzle constrictions have a parabolic shape: in the right trunk there is a 0.5-plus-minus 0.05 mm payoff; In the left trunk - a full choke of 1.0 plus or minus 0.05 mm. Release lever from the top. A triple-lock weapon. The trigger is mounted on a separate base. The brooms and hammers are mounted in the fire hoses. When the gun is opened, the horns are cocked. After hitting the trigger, he returns to the clearing position, releasing the firing pin. The fuse automatically locks the trigger and whisper. This prevents an accidental shot when the shotgun strikes. Cevieu with lever-type latch, weighed. The weight of the gun is 3.2-3.6 kg. The design withstands 7500 shots without consequences.

Model IZH-54 was the first serial bezkurkovoy double-barreled in the USSR. This old horn rifle is reliable and has become an unprecedented distribution among hunters.

The double-barrel without the hammers, created in Tula, has not received such popularity. The Tula Arms Factory was famous for its guns with vertically arranged trunks. Tula vertical MC6 and Izhevsk Izh-12 had many similarities. Such guns fell in love with the fishermen. With them you can hunt and waterfowl, and small animals (hare, fox). They are reliable in hunting predators (wolf, bear) and ungulates. The lower trunk is perfect for using bullets. Now they are releasing the IZH-27, which is a modification of IZh-12.

Today the old IZh guns continue to enjoy immense popularity. On a special account is the model IZH-56 (modifications 1, 2, 3) "Belka". One external trigger of this model works on both barrels. To switch from one barrel to another it is enough to press the button located on the shank of the shoe. The latter modification was distinguished by the fact that above the smooth trunk there is a rifled barrel for a cartridge of 5 and 6 mm caliber.

Most of the models described have long ceased to produce. But you can often see hunters who use old guns. A photo of similar copies you can see in the article. Such guns do not just lie in the safe, but fail to do their job well.

Old hunting pneumatics

One of the directions of hunting trunks is old pneumatic guns. Air rifles produced by the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant have become a global brand. Clients from all CIS countries belong to this type of weapon with great respect and gratitude. Many of his first shot was made from an air rifle. It is easy to operate, reliable in aiming and durable in use. The rifle "Izhevsk" is ideal for training shooting and is indispensable in hunting.

Depending on the caliber, you can count on a certain prey. So, with a caliber of 4.5 mm, you can count on a duck or thrush when it enters the body, the goose, the pheasant, the black grouse, or the hare when it hits the head. A novice hunter can hit the game from a distance of no more than sixty meters (although here everything is individual).

The laws of the Russian Federation impose restrictions on hunting pneumatic guns. These include: muzzle energy no more than 25 J; The age of the owner is not less than 18 years (it is authorized from 16 years in the Tyumen and Tomsk regions); Registration for two weeks; Prohibition to install silencers. It is important to remember that old pneumatic guns from the caliber increase lose accuracy, but increase the lethal force. In this case, the trunk becomes heavier and wears out more quickly.

Features of choice

If a person decides to purchase an old hunting gun, he must clearly understand why he is making a purchase. It's one thing to hang it on the wall and admire your collection. To do this, it is enough to examine old guns carefully. Photos of their appearance will also be enough. And quite another - to use for their intended purpose. Although old leggings are legendary, the buyer should take care of their safety and carefully inspect the subject of purchase.

Inspection of the gun should start from the forehead of the shoe. Gases that burst during a shot from the capsule get on the metal in the shoe and lead to its corrosion. This is observed in the formed ring burnout and in the caverns near the striker. The same gases thinning the firing. When using a gun with such flaws, it is possible to break the gases back, which can lead to its damage (for example, to breaking the box at the junction of the shoe) or to the wounded arrow.

The next factor: a critical barrel shack in the shoe. Determine it allows the presence of gaps between the shoe and trunks. With sufficient wear, the shock load increases, which leads to the appearance of gaps in the locking points. As a result, there is a transverse play of the trunks. The number of gaps that appear may lead to the opening of the rifle or to the rupture of the trunks. A person at the same time risks serious injury.

The most dangerous is the failure of the locking device or the draft of the gate spring. It is on the strength of the spring depends the reliability of fixing the locking bar. The absence of reliable locking increases the risk of spontaneous deployment of the gun. Departure liners, the release of gases, rupture of the barrel cause the possibility of harm to the shooting hunter.

Defects of trunks

With prolonged use of the gun, metal fatigue is observed . This is the result of vibration and stretching of the trunks, shock loads and torque. The most destructive for the trunk are the "shells". In the USSR they refused to register the gun, if 15% of the surface of the entire area of the trunk was covered by them. The location of the "shell" also matters. Especially dangerous are they in the projectile inlet and behind the chamber (the so-called peak pressure zones). A small rash or lead-free durability of the trunks and the combat of the gun does not affect.

Damage to the gun barrel in the form of dents is also a danger. The metal can deplete the viscosity limit and break down during the shot. You should pay attention to the gun with the coupling. This is when the barrel and chamber are made separately, and then soldered. A slot may appear at the interface between the chamber and the barrel. This is dangerous because the shot can turn the chamber.

The trigger mechanism is also worthy of attention. Malfunctions USM leads most often to the detachment of the cockroaches from the combat platoon. A shotgun can fire when it is shaken or dropped. The cause of such trouble is the wear of the hook and whisper hooks, the breakage of the whisper spring, the wear of the axes of the trigger and whispering. A defective fuse must become a mandatory reason for refusing to use this gun for its intended purpose.

Defects of the box

Some amateurs continue to hunt with wrapped wire or insulating lodges, or even just with chopped butts. In addition to a light injury to the bounced chips, you can get more serious damage due to an arbitrary or double shot. The reason: the wooden part slightly tugs the sailor's whip or the lock "walks" in the box.

Of course, all the described shortcomings can be tried to eliminate. But for this you need to find a master, and this is not easy in modern conditions.

Registration and Withdrawal

The acquisition of an old hunting rifle leads to the need for its registration. On the question of how to register an old gun without documents, you can get conflicting answers. All of them boil down to the complexity of carrying out such a process. Theoretically it looks simple. First of all, you need to write the correct explanatory to the name of the head of the Department of Licensing and Authorization (ORLR). It should indicate the origin of the gun without documents (got from his grandfather, found in a barn, and so on). Be sure to indicate that they would like not to surrender the trunk to scrap, but register for yourself. The gun should be inspected, rewritten numbers and made an inquiry to the information center. Produce shooting in the bullet-gilftek. If the result is positive, we get a certificate and put it on the register. All.

Realities can lead to another path, slow, with obstacles and delays. In this case, if at the first stage you get a refusal, all other steps should be taken after applying to the court and getting its decision.

The situation with the registration of an old gun with documents is simpler. You need to submit papers to the barrel, confirm your ownership (inheritance, purchase, gift) on it and a package of documents in your name about permission to purchase, store and carry weapons.

The answer to the question of whether it is possible to register an old gun is extremely simple. Yes, you can. Prepare to just spend time, money and nerves. In some cases, registration can take six months, sometimes it will take several years.

But to take the old gun off the register is much easier. To do this, you should contact the police with a statement on the voluntary surrender of the trunk. The weapons are inspected, the number is recorded (if there is none, then they are assigned a temporary number by the registration number) and give you a receipt (one copy is attached to the trunk).

Necessary accessories for care

Correctly organized storage of the trunk can prolong its fighting qualities for many years. The absence of care or its inappropriate conduct can ruin even the most wonderful gun. It is indisputable that the gun should be stored in a special safe, so that no stranger could take it, use it or damage it. Place for the safe must necessarily be dry, because dampness is the main enemy of iron. Transportation of the gun should be carried out in a special case (case).

Regularly it is necessary to inspect, lubricate and clean the hunting rifle. Some care will be required for maintenance. This is a ramrod, various tips to it (puff, brush, wisher), oiler, two or three sharpened wooden sticks. As wipes use carefully spun dry rags (linen or cotton, bandages), which are stored so that they do not get sand or other foreign small objects.

Cleaning of the hunting rifle

When acquiring all the materials, you can start this responsible procedure. How to clean an old gun? Every month, the trunk, even if no one uses it, should be wiped, all its metal parts treated with an oiled rag. The humidity of the air after the drying of the grease can lead to rust. Grease is best used by a thick and sticky, neutral reaction. Old smooth-bore rifles without a self-loading device can be treated with any oil.

For self-loading barrels should be selected brand of lubricant according to the requirements specified in the description for the model. Neutral lubrication is easy to distinguish from alkaline with a brass sleeve. The darkening of brass at the place of lubrication indicates its alkaline nature. Instead of special lubricants, you can use untreated (yellow) vaseline, melted lard (suitable lamb or beef, necessarily unsalted). The outside of the gun from moisture is well protected by beeswax (for this it needs to be dissolved in turpentine or gasoline).

After each shooting, it is necessary to clean the muzzle. This requires hot soapy water. A clean cloth, wound on the ramrod, you need to pierce the channels of the trunk. To do this, lower the ends of the trunks into the water, and the ramrod move up and down the canal eight to ten times. Change the cloth to a metal brush and repeat the procedure. At the end of the cleaning, rinse with clean water and wipe dry from the inside and outside. Treat with neutral grease. Soap water copes well with fresh carbon, softens rust, removes lead. Care for old chicken guns is almost the same as for other types of trunks for hunting.

Periodically, you should pay attention to the wooden parts of the gun. Birch and beech buttocks should be inspected for the presence of cracks in the lacquer coating, chips. The places of tie-ins of metal parts though at least need to be carefully processed with natural linseed oil. Damage from the remains of the paint, cover with stain to get the desired color and apply a few layers of varnish. Cracks in forearm will disappear after carrying out longitudinal milling of its lower part (the thickness of the cut is about 1.5 mm). Observing such simple rules, it can be achieved that even the oldest guns will look like new ones.