Oil refineries of Russia

The oil issue has always been considered the most important for the economy of any country.

The history of oil refineries in Russia began in 1745, from the very day when the first company was founded on the river Ukhta by the Chumelov brothers. At the heart of its products lay an ordinary, but very relevant in those days kerosene, as well as other lubricating oils.

Today, Russia's oil refining industry is considered one of the most successful. The number of enterprises, both small and large, is constantly growing, due to the constantly growing income from the processing of "black gold". This branch is best developed in the Central region of the country, as well as in the Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions.

Oil refineries in Russia produce mainly gasoline, kerosene, diesel, rocket, aviation fuel, fuel oil, motor oils, bitumen, petroleum coke, etc. The vast majority of them are created next to the oil rigs, which enables companies not to spend additional funds for the supply of raw materials. After processing, the finished product is sent to the final consumer.

The main task of refineries in Russia is deep processing of oil. Their production cycle, as a rule, consists of the process of preparation of raw materials, the primary distillation of oil and the secondary processing of fractions, which includes catalytic cracking, reforming, coking, hydrotreating and mixing of the components of the finished petroleum product.

The largest oil refineries in Russia are located in the Central, Siberian and Volga federal districts, accounting for more than seventy percent of all the country's capacities. These are the Gazprom Neft-Omsk Refinery, as well as Angarsk, Antipinsky (Tyumen), Afipsky (Krasnodar Territory), Krasnoleninsky (Khanty-Mansiysk), Ufa (Bashkiria), etc. On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the leader in primary oil refining is Bashkiria.

Oil refineries in Russia mostly appeared in our country after the war: for the period until 1965, 16 capacities were built, which is more than half of the existing ones. However, during the period of economic reforms in the 1990s, there was a significant decline in production in this industry . It is not difficult to explain this: at that time internal consumption of oil sharply decreased, which caused a low quality of the produced product, and hence a low depth conversion factor, which dropped to 67.4 percent. And only in 1999 the Omsk Refinery was able to approach the standards of the USA and Europe.

Only in recent years there has been an encouraging trend in this issue, a sign of which was a significant investment in oil refining, which, starting in 2006, exceeded 40 billion rubles.

The depth of processing factor has grown, because in 2010 V. Putin prohibited by his Decree to connect to the mains those new refineries in Russia, which he did not reach 70%, considering that such enterprises need serious modernization. The number of such mini-refineries today in Russia reaches two hundred and fifty.

And by the end of this year, it is planned to build the largest oil refining complex in Russia, located at the very end of the pipeline passing through Eastern Siberia to the Pacific, where the processing depth of the product will be about 93 percent, which will correspond to the level achieved at the same US enterprises .

Consolidated in most of the oil industry in our country is under the control of ten major companies, such as Rosneft, Lukoil, Bashneft, Surgutneftegaz, TNK-BP, Gazprom, etc.