NWFP - what is it? Fetal development retardation syndrome

The diagnosis of "NWFP" doctors put all children who at birth have a deficit in body weight relative to their gestational age. Many women learn about this pathology during pregnancy. From the materials in this article, you will find out what symptoms are accompanied by the delayed development of the fetus, why it occurs.

NWFP - what is it?

Fetal development retardation syndrome (FGR) is a pathology characterized by a lag in the size of the baby from the average values recorded as the norm for a certain period of pregnancy. In Russia, the prevalence of this disorder ranges from 5 to 18%. Small child sizes do not always indicate this syndrome. About 70% of children who received this diagnosis, by their nature have a small body weight. At them the father or mother can be small growth. In addition, gender should be taken into account (girls are usually smaller than boys by 5%, which is approximately 200 g) and nationality.

As a rule, the state of the baby is compensated during the first year of life. He gradually gaining weight and adds to growth, approaching the normative indicators. If the diagnosis confirmed by the doctor becomes the main reason for the developmental lag, affects his health and quality of life, a special treatment package is considered.

There are two forms of NWFP: symmetrical and asymmetric. Each variant of pathology has its own characteristics. We'll talk about them later in this article.

Asymmetric form of the NWFP

Pathology usually occurs in the second trimester and is characterized by a deficiency in fetal mass with normal growth. The child has a lag in the development of stomach and breast tissue. Asymmetric FWR is sometimes characterized by the uneven formation of internal organ systems. In the absence of timely treatment, the size of the child's head diminishes and the brain development lags, which can provoke his death.

Symmetric shape of the NWFP

Pathology is characterized by a proportional decrease in the size of the child's body relative to the average values for a particular period of pregnancy. Usually it is diagnosed in the second trimester. Symmetric form of the syndrome in most cases is due to intrauterine infection of the fetus, chromosomal abnormalities. Children with this diagnosis are born with an incomplete development of the central nervous system.

The main causes of pathology

A kid can appear in the world small for several reasons. We should not exclude the fact that this is its physiological feature. A small child can inherit a small height from his parents. However, even in this case, the doctor will diagnose a "fetal development retardation syndrome". If after birth the organism of the child fully functions, and its reflexes correspond to the norms, specific treatment is not required.

Doctors identify certain causes of FGRS, which can lead to hypoxia and even the fading of pregnancy. Delay development is observed if the baby inside the womb does not receive oxygen and the necessary nutrients. Without them it is impossible to imagine a full-fledged vital activity of the organism.

Reducing the number of incoming substances can be caused by many factors:

1. Placental problems. This body is responsible for transporting oxygen to the fetus in the womb. If the placenta is deformed, it can not function fully.
2. Pathologies in the work of internal organs in a future childbirth (high blood pressure, anemia, heart and respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus).
3. In the development of the fetus, a special role belongs to the chromosome set, which he receives from his parents.
4. Pernicious habits. Many of the fair sex smoke and drink alcoholic beverages. Harmful habits, even if a woman abandoned them shortly before conception, can cause FGR in pregnancy.
5. Doctors constantly insist that a woman in a position should eat literally for two. This is really so. Compliance with a diet or a sharp reduction in caloric intake can adversely affect the child. If the fetus lacks nutrients, it begins to take them from the mother's body. Nutrition for two does not mean that you need to eat everything. The diet should be balanced and consist exclusively of useful products. During pregnancy, one should not be afraid to get well, strictly forbidden to sit on strict diets.
6. Reception of medicines. From drugs during the gestation of the baby should be discarded. You can take medications only on the advice of a doctor, when you can not help anymore.
7. The diseases of infectious nature transferred during pregnancy (rubella, toxoplasmosis, syphilis) can stop the development of the fetus. That's why doctors are strongly advised to vaccinate long before conception of the baby.
8. Second-degree FERDs are often placed on women who live in a high area above sea level. In such regions, the pressure is increased, and this often leads to hypoxia in the fetus and a slow development of the fetus.

Timely determination of the cause of the syndrome and its subsequent elimination allow the doctor to choose an effective treatment.

What are the symptoms of fetal growth retardation syndrome?

The clinical picture of this pathology is usually erased. It is unlikely to suspect such a diagnosis of a pregnant woman on her own. Only regular supervision at the gynecologist for nine months allows to identify the problem in time.

There is an opinion that if a woman during pregnancy is less likely to gain weight, most likely a small fruit. In part this is true, but it rarely meets the truth. When the future woman in childbirth restricts the daily diet to 1500 kcal, is fond of diets, the probability of the appearance of fetal fetuses is high enough. On the other hand, the emergence of pathology should not be excluded in those women who have an excessively large increase in weight.

A clear sign of the syndrome is the rare and limp movements of the fetus. Such a symptom should alert and become an excuse for an emergency appeal to a specialist.

Examination of fetal growth retardation

If a doctor is suspected of a pathological development of the baby, the discrepancy between the height of the uterine fundus and the normative parameters characteristic for this period of pregnancy can be guarded. The most reliable diagnosis is ultrasound examination of the fetus, during which the expert assesses its size and weight. In addition, using ultrasound can determine the condition of the internal organs of the child.

Dopplerometry is also prescribed for suspected FGR. What it is? This examination is performed to assess blood flow in the vessels of the baby and the placenta. An important method of diagnosis is cardiotocography of the fetus (examination of the heartbeat). The normal heart rate ranges from 120 to about 160 beats per minute. When the baby in the womb lacks oxygen, his heart rate gradually increases.

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor can confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the ailment.

• The first-degree FERD is considered to be the easiest, characterized by a delay in development from average anthropometric data for two weeks.
• The second-degree FERD differs from the normative indices within two to four weeks.
• The most severe is the third degree of FGR. The indicators of the size and weight of the baby in the womb do not meet the standards for more than four weeks. In most cases, 3rd degree FERD results in fetal fading.

Methods of treatment

A large arsenal of drugs is used to treat this syndrome in obstetrics, which are aimed at normalizing the uteroplacental blood flow.

1. Tocolytic agents for relaxing the uterus ("Ginipral", "Papaverin").
2. Preparations for the normalization of metabolism in tissues ("Kurantil", "Actovegin").
3. Infusion therapy using glucose and blood substitutes.
4. Vitaminotherapy.

All drugs are prescribed for a long period of time with constant monitoring of the fetus.

Particular attention in the treatment of FGRS during pregnancy is given to nutrition. The diet should be as balanced as possible. It is not recommended to lean on certain products. You can eat absolutely everything. Do not exclude meat and dairy products, because they contain a large amount of protein of animal origin. It is in it by the end of pregnancy that the need for about 50% increases. It is important not to forget that the main goal of therapy is not to fatten the child, but to provide him with full growth and harmonious development.

Pregnant women also recommend daily walking, emotional calm. Traditionally, it is believed that a midday sleep is beneficial not only to the condition of the future childbirth, but also to the baby inside the womb.

Conducting pregnancy in the NWFP

After confirmation of the final diagnosis of the future parturient woman, constant monitoring by specialists is required. Ultrasound is prescribed at least twice a month. A detailed study is needed to identify the child's anatomy and structural defects, which may be the cause of the backlog. Also, future mothers are assigned an amniocentesis procedure to assess chromosomal abnormalities if ultrasound has been diagnosed with pathology.

Regardless of the factors that influenced the emergence of the FGR, the consequences for the child may be irreversible. To prevent them, a woman should undergo ultrasound every two weeks. It is necessary to assess the size of the fetus and the rate of its growth.

When a woman is at week 37, doctors usually decide to stimulate childbirth. Until that time, the management of pregnancy depends on the condition of the crumbs inside the womb. If a woman has symptoms of pre-eclampsia, doctors decide to perform premature births.

Possible complications and consequences

Children with this syndrome often record serious complications not only during intrauterine life, but also after birth. The degree of risk directly depends on the causes of the pathological process, its severity and time of onset. According to statistics, the presence of complications is most likely in those children whose weight at birth does not exceed 1 kg.

In view of the fact that oxygen and nutrients come in insufficient quantities to the fetus with this syndrome, such children may already be born dead. Often they are not able to withstand the burden during birth, so doctors usually decide on a cesarean section.

In children born with FGR, the consequences of this diagnosis are directly reflected in the work of the basic systems of internal organs. They usually have hypoglycemia, poor resistance to infections. They are prone to jaundice and aspiration of meconium, that is, inhaling the original feces.

If doctors diagnose second-degree FVR, the consequences of pathology are almost impossible to predict. The quality of life of a child primarily depends on the root causes of the syndrome. Some babies are gradually catching up with their peers in development. Others have serious health problems. They have early diagnosis of obesity, which subsequently leads to disruption of the heart, diabetes and hypertension.

Preventive actions

Do not ignore the FERD. What is it, we have already told. Can it be prevented?

The best prophylaxis of FGRS is the advance planning of pregnancy. Before the immediate conception of the child, future parents must pass a number of tests, to treat chronic diseases. The ailments of the genital sphere and caries should not be left without attention.

Regular visits to the gynecologist after registering for pregnancy play an important role in the prevention of FGRS. The earlier a doctor discovers a pathology, the higher the probability of excluding dangerous complications in the development of the baby during and after the birth of the baby.

A pregnant woman should take care of the mode of work and rest. A full sleep should be at least 10 hours at night and 2 hours in the afternoon. If you can not sleep after lunch, you can afford to lie down for a while in a horizontal position. Daytime sleep contributes to the normalization of blood circulation between the child and the mother, improving the transfer of nutrients.

Walking in the open air, a balanced diet and moderate physical activity - excellent prevention of the NWFP. What does it mean? A woman should eat exceptionally healthy food, rich in vitamins and trace elements. Some doctors recommend a diet high in carbohydrates, as these substances improve the mood of the pregnant woman and the health of the fetus inside the womb. As for the issue of exercise, an excellent solution is yoga, swimming in the pool.

The syndrome of delayed fetal development is not a sentence for future parents who are eagerly awaiting the appearance of the baby. An enormous role in the treatment of this pathology belongs to the timeliness of the diagnosis. However, its seriousness is not an excuse to abandon the child. There are no barriers that loving parents can not overcome. Especially when the question concerns the true maternal happiness.