National Technology Initiative (STI). State support programs

The welfare of the population depends on the state of the national economy. The Russian crisis of recent years, which arose because of the decline in prices for hydrocarbons, once again proved the need for fundamental changes. The national technological initiative is designed to highlight the most promising sectors of the economy and stimulate them. Their development will entail the development of the entire economy as a whole and will allow them to overcome their dependence on hydrocarbon prices. For people, this means prolonging life and improving its quality.

Contents of the program

The National Technological Initiative (STI) as a direction was first officially announced in December 2014. It was during this period that Russian President Vladimir Putin focused on it in his message to the Federal Assembly and defined the officials responsible for the implementation of this program. The essence of STI is to identify promising sectors of the economy and create Russian enterprises in them. With the right choice, such a strategy can bring multi-billion dollar turnovers in the future. Russia will be able to compete on an equal footing with the most developed countries and win more and more of the world market. The greatest attention is paid to the branches connected with advanced technologies. One of the directions in medicine, in particular, is the prolongation of life. However, the success of STI implementation depends not only on the government. State support programs are undoubtedly important, but the greatest attention should be paid to the creation of an effective system, the errors in the work of which are quickly identified and corrected. According to the Director of the field "Young Specialists" D. Peskov, STI should be a system of priorities, a management matrix. The national technological initiative should not be considered as a basis for creating a large state structure.

Historical Discourse

For the first time the concept of "national technological initiative" was used in the report of the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation D. Livanov at a meeting of the presidium on economic modernization and innovative development in September 2014. It was about developing a project related to new production technologies (NTP). His goal was to accelerate the development of industries. The project received the status of the National Technological Initiative (NTI - NTP). However, talked about it only in December 2014. Such a surge of interest was due to the fact that STI was given special attention in the President's Address to the Federal Assembly. According to the idea, the National Technological Initiative should become an instrument through which Russia will manage to take a leading position in the markets of goods and services. The need to make the right strategic choice comes to the fore.

On the issue of prospects

It is very important to determine what will determine the economy in the future. For example, intellectual transport systems are considered one of the most promising areas today. Their operation is directly connected with the transfer of data. So one branch pulls the other. Another direction is the development of air transport, which would significantly reduce the time needed to transport goods and passengers. However, this choice is correct, only time can show. For example, in the early 2000s, it was believed that a revolution in the Russian Federation related to nanotechnology would soon take place. In 2006, the market was expected to grow at a rate of 40% per year. But that did not happen. The implementation of the project for the development of nanotechnology in the Russian Federation did not lead either to the re-industrialization of the country, nor to getting rid of raw dependence, nor to a marked increase in the level of economic growth.

Priorities

The development of the STI concept is the responsibility of the Russian government in pursuance of the instruction of the Russian president. The so-called new production technologies were singled out, which should become the engine of development. It is intended to use them to create a domestic system for designing, modeling and automating the work of knowledge-intensive industries. The minutes of the meeting of the presidium in September 2014 contained a list of technologies that should be supported by the STI. Among them:

• Additive technologies.
• Means of robotization and automation, intelligent transport systems.
• Technologies for the design of materials and structures.
• Means of digital production.
• Technologies of domestic programming, which are necessary for the creation of products.

Similar directions were suggested by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. In recent years, programs for technological development have been implemented in all developed and new industrialized countries. World experience shows that their implementation gives a tangible socio-economic effect and makes it possible to strengthen the competitiveness of the national economy.

Criteria for the allocation of markets

It is important not only to unite the efforts of business, science and government, but also to find the right points for their application. Therefore, the STI should be based on long-term forecasting, with the help of which it is necessary to determine what challenges will face Russia in 10-15 years. At the heart of the National Technology Initiative lie the following hypotheses:

• The starting point is the needs of people who change over time.
• The markets of the future are network by their construction.
• The planning period is 2018-2035.

Markets of STI are allocated on the basis of the following criteria:

• The volume on a global scale by 2035 - more than 100 billion US dollars.
• Currently there is no market or there are no generally accepted technological standards on it.
• Orientation to people as an end user.
• Network building of the market, in which intermediaries are replaced by software.
• The importance of the sphere for Russia to ensure the satisfaction of basic human needs and national security.
• Availability in the Russian Federation of conditions for achieving competitive advantages.
• The existence of the aspirations of entrepreneurs to create new companies in this high-tech market.

Estimation of Russia's potential

Within the framework of the STI, it is planned to create nine new high-tech markets:

• EnergyNet.
• FoodNet.
• SafeNet.
• HealthNet.
• AeroNet.
• MariNet.
• AutoNet.
• FinNet.
• NeuroNet.

One of the indicators by which the potential of state leadership in the development of production technologies can be assessed is the number of patent documents published by it. The absolute superiority in this indicator belongs to China. Almost half of all issued patents as of 2015 are in the PRC. Russia is not in the top 10 in this indicator. Russia accounts for only 0.18% of the global number of documents protecting new technological solutions. Foreign technology companies register 4 times as many patents in Russia as residents.

Risks and criticism of the project

The implementation of STI in Russia is associated with the following problems:

• The portfolio of Russian resident patents is hundreds of times smaller than that of the leading countries for new production technologies. Among them are such countries as China, USA, Japan and South Korea.
• Up to 60-95% of Russian patents are issued to non-residents of Russia.
• In the world in the field of new industrial technologies companies are leading. In Russia, patent holders are mainly research and educational institutions.

Current state of affairs

At a meeting of the working group "STI", which was established by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, which was held on June 22, 2016, discussed the prospects for introducing teleportation (safe messaging), quantum communication and a separate Russian programming language in Russia. The goal of this project is to reduce losses from cybercrime by 2035. It is expected that these measures will help to save 0.1% of GDP. The SafeNet project involves the transition in a number of entities to the 5G communication standard, the creation of a network of centers for protecting the population from cyberthreats, the development of domestic intelligent farm management systems, operating systems, autonomous transport and a compiled programming language. By 2035, the Russian Federation plans to create an infrastructure for quantum communications, which will ensure completely safe communication. The implementation of this project requires about 10 billion rubles. And the most part should be financed by the state, including through venture funds and development institutions.

conclusions

Russia's achievement of leadership in the proposed areas of STI requires extraordinary efforts. New production technologies undoubtedly have a huge potential for economic development, but there are significant problems for the implementation of the planned program. Their solution requires an orientation toward a long-term perspective. However, world experience shows that the achievement of technological leadership is possible and in extremely short terms. For example, it took China only about seven years. This result is based on the formation of personnel, the multiplication of existing reserves, the interaction between universities and business.