Municipal body: types, formation, powers

The modern state includes several levels of power sharing: federal, regional, local. In light of this, it is worth noting that the municipal body is not a representative of the state. Many citizens do not suspect that the above type of management implies the power of the people alone. Let's try to talk about this in more detail.

General provisions on local self-government bodies

Local self-government (self-government of municipal bodies) is one of the many forms of exercising people's power in Russia. This type of management organization occurs in certain areas, called municipal formations. The concept, in turn, includes urban and rural settlements in the structure. These can be settlements, urban-type settlements, cities, villages with different numbers of residents, urban areas, isolated areas and so on.

It is important to note here that the federal government manages the local government, and the municipal authority, in turn, is authorized to independently resolve all internal affairs.

Thanks to the given opportunity, the people of a certain territory can independently solve local issues. Moreover, the Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees non-interference in the internal affairs of local self-government. In various forms, local self-government can be exercised. Self-government of municipal bodies has the right to make a decision by holding a referendum, voting, gathering people and so on.

Issues of reference

The City Council is the main governing body that is present in any major settlement. For completeness of realization of the powers it is important to know about the questions which concern to the competence of the given body and all self-management as a whole:

1. All decisions concerning the municipal fund. This includes not only the maintenance and maintenance, but also the use of each individual plot (house, apartment, room).
2. Kindergartens, secondary schools, vocational schools, hospitals, polyclinics and other social institutions: all this is under the tutelage of LSG. The city council is responsible for the content and organization of activities in these entities.
3. Providing control over repair work, maintenance and maintenance of utility networks: electricity and gas networks, water supply, sewerage systems and so on.
4. Road maintenance. This item is very often problematic, as money for such projects is not always enough.
5. Landscaping of territories and their accomplishment.

Revenue sources

For effective existence, a municipal authority must necessarily have a number of incomes. That is why any territorial formation has a certain property. The most prominent representatives are: land, housing stock, cultural facilities, hospitals, retail areas, local industry and so on.

Accordingly, in order to properly perform the services of the above-mentioned territories, the bodies of the municipality form a local budget. This document has the status of a normative act and includes a list of income and expenses.

As sources of funds can be used:

• Taxes and fees. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of establishing certain types of taxes on the territory of a municipal formation, for example: transport tax, road and so on.
• Income from the lease of property or its privatization.
• Subsidies are the process of transferring money from the state to the municipal education for certain needs.
• Profit from the activities of enterprises: household, industrial, commercial.

Structure of power

As stated earlier, public power is divided into two levels: state and municipal. The second type does not depend on the first one.

At the municipal government level, local administration bodies are created that are not part of the federation's power system. However, in order to fully consider the organization of governance of the state as a whole, it is important to pay attention to the goals, functions, tasks and competencies of LSGs.

The legislative framework dealing with this issue is represented by a wide variety. The key NPA is the Federal Law "On the Organization of Local Self-Government". This document to improve its understanding and perception, all are used to refer to Federal Law No. 131.

Municipalities exist throughout Russia. There is not a single piece of land where the local authorities have not found their reflection. Despite a wide range of local issues, the boundaries of the territory of a municipal formation are established and amended by the laws of the subjects in accordance with the requirements of the federal government.

Directly on LSG bodies

A local authority is an entity that is created to perform the functions of organizing public authority in a territory defined by law. The given formation is created with the purpose of maintenance of interests of the citizens living on the subject territory, for economic development of a local region, and also increase of level of social and cultural life of a society.

Structure and organization of management units of local importance

No municipal authority is able to manage alone, even on a small territory. That is why the legislator provided the following types of formations:

• A representative body.
• Chapter.
• Administration, performing executive and administrative functions.
• The body that monitors the activities of the administration.
• Other types of organizations that can be provided by the local government bodies.

Head of the municipality

The most vivid representative of the authorities for residents is the deputy, who heads the local territory. He acts as the highest official and endowed with administrative powers. A normative document regulating the activity of the head of a municipal formation is the Charter.

It can not be said that an official has uncontrolled power. Without fail the head is obliged to report to the population on the work done. Moreover, due to informatization and development of technologies, every resident of a municipal formation can get acquainted with the incomes and expenses that have been accrued for the reporting period (they are considered to be a year). The charter of the municipal formation also allows all the nuances and subtleties associated with the activities of the head of administration, for example, in the event of early termination of the exercise of authority.