Modern cars: types of bodies, salons and engines

What cars are not produced today ! The species are diverse. And every year manufacturers surprise potential buyers with something new. So, it's worth telling about the most popular cars, as well as about their features.

Basic bodies

To begin it is necessary with such subject, as kinds of bodies of cars. The names of the most common are familiar to almost everyone. So, the most popular type is a sedan. Closed body, which happens as a 2- or 4-door. A distinctive feature is the presence in the cabin of two full-size series. This means that inside can comfortably accommodate 4-5 adults. By the way, there is no such thing as the types of car salons. They can only be divided into "spacious" and "not very" and by rows of seats (1, 2, 3, etc.).

And now it's worth continuing to tell you directly about the types of car bodies. So, the station wagon. Typically, this is a 2-volume 5-or 3-door cargo -and- passenger type car . A popular Russian representative is Lada Largus.

Hatchback also differs cargo-and-passenger body. The coupe has 2 doors. Compact and beautiful car. Inside there is a row of seats (most often), but there is also a rear row, but it is usually uncomfortable. Coupe cars are created for the comfort of one or two people - a passenger and a driver.

Oversized machines

Now a few words about what these cars are. Types of "minibus" and "minivan" are familiar to many. These are practical machines for people who need a lot of space and comfort. About the minibus and add nothing. But the minivan is called the body, which is a cross between the universal and, in fact, a minibus. Although they even came up with a "hybrid" name - a station wagon with increased capacity. Sometimes it has ordinary doors, but most often - sliding. The popular representative is Opel Zafira.

And more to large-sized cars it is possible to carry limousines. Usually the average length of such a car varies from seven to ten meters. But there is such a machine as the "American Dream". And its length is more than thirty (!) Meters! Two engines, twelve axles and as many as 26 wheels. About this amazing car you can tell more, but only it is necessary to go to the description of other machines.

Other names

Recently, new types of cars and, accordingly, bodies have appeared. So, hardtop. It can not be called a separate species. This is more a variant of how various other bodies are made out. The key features are the absence of a central rack and their frames.

A town car is a passenger car with a very high roof. Has found its application in the field of taxis. A bright representative is MetroCab. The next body type is combi. Already by the name you can understand that this is a station wagon, a liftback, and a hatchback, only with a door in the back wall.

And now you can tell about liftback. It features a long rear overhang, a sloping roof and is usually either two-or three-way.

The last type of closed body is fastback. Its specific features - a special sloping roof, which very smoothly and gently flows into the luggage cover.

Exposed bodies

Now we need to talk about such cars. Types of open machines are really diverse. Although many people, usually amateurs, call each car without a cabriolet roof. It is necessary to understand! Convertible is an open body with 4 (more often - two) doors, equipped with either a soft or rigid retractable roof. There are also side elevating glasses. And when the roof is folded, it automatically "hides" in the trunk (sometimes - in space, that is between the passengers and the trunk).

A roadster is also an open car. Its top is soft and also folding. The phaeton features four doors and a soft convertible roof. Inside, there are usually 5 or 6 seats for passengers and the driver. Lando - a car with a rigid removable or soft convertible roof. Brogam - in fact, the same thing. However, its top is only above the first row of seats. There is also a body of tagga. This is a sports roadster with two seats. The windshield is firmly fixed, the roof is removed. A popular representative is the Porsche 911 Targa.

The spider is also a popular form, similar to a roadster, but its upper edge is located below the level of the driver's eyes. And the last type is a jogging. Appeared in the distant XIX century - these were machines for hunters, who thanks to the missing top could carry not only equipment, but also game back home. Now jokingbies have glass retractable roofs.

Passenger cars

Finally a few words about these cars. Types of cargo-and-passenger bodies do not shine with variety. There are only two of them. The first one is a pickup truck. These machines have an open platform, which, with its design and style, is integrated with the driver's cab.

And the second type is a van. It is also a cargo-passenger vehicle characterized by a solid, metal part of the body, visible behind the cab. Usually, vans are created not just because they are based on a station wagon. Often, instead of the base, a cargo chassis is used, to which a cabin, a cloth awning (sometimes metal) and a cabin itself are added.

The most common engines

Now a few words about power units. Types of car engines are worth knowing. So, the gas engine - its job is to bring heat to the working body. It functions on the Otto cycle. Diesel is considered the most economical. This is a piston internal combustion engine. It starts to work because the fuel ignites from the corresponding temperature and directly compresses. Fuel consumes a little, due to what has gained popularity among the economists.

The gasoline internal combustion engine functions using the principle of a pre-compressed air-fuel mixture, which is ignited by an electric spark.

And the piston engine. This is a motor in which, due to thermal energy, the gases that are formed from the combustion of fuel increase in volume. Thus the piston is set in motion.

Drive unit

And, finally, about what can be cars, the types of which were considered above. Now we should talk about the drive. So, there are the following types of car systems: front-, rear-, all-wheel drive. What are their differences?

In front-wheel drive machines, all the energy generated is transferred to the front wheels. These cars are often subjected to drifts on bends and on bad surfaces.

Rear-wheel drive cars are characterized by the fact that all energy is distributed, respectively, to the rear wheels. Most often such machines are models of American production. Japanese and Europeans also often produce such cars. The rear-wheel drive models have a plus. And it is in excellent dynamics and controllability.

And, finally, all-wheel drive models. Here everything is simple - the energy is distributed evenly. Both on the front and rear axles. Here, one of the main advantages is the lack of probability of drifts and increased patency.